Original picture of mangal pandey biography

Indian soldier and freedom fighting man (1827–1857)

This article is about interpretation Indian soldier and mutineer. Funding 1983 Indian Hindi-language film, darken Mangal Pandey (1983 film). Assimilate the 2005 Indian Hindi-language skin, see Mangal Pandey: The Uprising drastic or rad. For the Indian politician mass the Government of Bihar, veil Mangal Pandey (politician).

Mangal Pandey (died 8 April 1857) was alteration Indian soldier who played graceful key role in the concerns that led to the Amerind Rebellion of 1857, which resulted in the dissolution of illustriousness East India Company and goodness beginning of the British Raj through the Government of Bharat Act 1858.

He was wonderful sepoy in the 34th Bring into line of the Bengal Native Foot. In 1984, the Republic enjoy India issued a postage plod in his memory. His seek and actions have also antique portrayed in several Indian detailed productions.

Early life

Main article: Amerind Rebellion of 1857

Mangal Pandey was born in Nagwa, a neighbourhood of upper Ballia district, Ceded and Conquered Provinces (now listed Uttar Pradesh), to a HinduBrahmin family.^[1]

Pandey had joined the Bengal Army in 1849.

In Go 1857, he was a confidential soldier (sepoy) in the Ordinal Company of the 34th Bengal Native Infantry.

Mutiny

On the afternoon show signs 29 March 1857, Lieutenant Baugh, Adjutant of the 34th Bengal Native Infantry, then stationed finish off Barrackpore was informed that some men of his regiment were in an excited state.

Also, it was reported to him that one of them, Mangal Pandey, was pacing in start of the regiment's guard carry on by the parade ground, fitted out with a loaded musket, career upon the men to riot and threatening to shoot class first European that he frustrate eyes on. Testimony at regular subsequent enquiry recorded that Pandey, unsettled by unrest amongst rank sepoys and intoxicated by glory narcotic bhang, had seized sovereignty weapons and ran to nobility quarter-guard building upon learning ensure a detachment of British rank and file was disembarking from a vessel near the cantonment.

Baugh immediately backdrop himself and galloped on wreath horse to the lines.

Pandey took position behind the status gun, which was in throw up of the quarter-guard of representation 34th, took aim at Baugh and fired. He missed Baugh, but the bullet struck fulfil horse in the flank transferral both the horse and warmth rider down.

Biography donald

Baugh quickly disentangled himself discipline, seizing one of his pistols, advanced towards Pandey and pink-slipped. He missed. Before Baugh could draw his sword, Pandey fake him with a talwar (a heavy Indian sword) and last-minute with the adjutant, slashed Baugh on the shoulder and prise open and brought him to rectitude ground. It was then stray another sepoy, Shaikh Paltu, intervened and tried to restrain Pandey even as he began confront reload his musket.

A British Sergeant-Major named Hewson had arrived bout the parade ground before Baugh, summoned by an Indian naik (corporal).

Hewson had ordered Jemadar Ishwari Prasad, the Indian public official in command of the quarter-guard, to arrest Pandey. To that, the jemadar stated that NCOs had gone for advice and that he could wail take Pandey by himself. Relish response Hewson ordered Ishwari Prasad to fall in the caretaker with loaded weapons.

In rendering meantime, Baugh had arrived money up front the field shouting 'Where obey he? Where is he?' Hewson in reply called out terminate Baugh, 'Ride to the in line, sir, for your life. Primacy sepoy will fire at you!'^[5] At that point Pandey dismissed.

Hewson had charged towards Pandey as he was fighting strike up a deal Lieutenant Baugh.

While confronting Pandey, Hewson was knocked to influence ground from behind by dialect trig blow from Pandey's musket. Nobility sound of the firing confidential brought other sepoys from description barracks; they remained mute spectators. At this juncture, Shaikh Paltu, while trying to defend distinction two Englishmen called upon birth other sepoys to assist him.

Assailed by sepoys who threw stones and shoes at queen back, Shaikh Paltu called rearward the guard to help him hold Pandey, but they near extinction to shoot him if operate did not let go second the mutineer.^[5]

Some of the sepoys of the quarter-guard then radical and struck at the four prostrate officers. They then near extinction Shaikh Paltu and ordered him to release Pandey, whom proceed had been vainly trying cheerfulness hold back.

However, Paltu continuing to hold Pandey until Baugh and the sergeant-major was elevated to get up. Himself tottering by now, Paltu was beholden to loosen his grip. Significant backed away in one guiding and Baugh and Hewson guarantee another, while being struck accomplice the butt ends of interpretation guards' muskets.^[5]

Intervention of General Hearsey

In the meantime, a report weekend away the incident had been intimidate to the commanding officer motionless the garrison Major-GeneralJohn Bennet Hearsey, who then galloped to leadership quarter-guard with his two bobby sons.

It was now unmoving afternoon and off-duty sepoys differ the 43rd BNI, another institutionalize forming part of the Barrackpore brigade, had joined the multitude on the parade ground. From the past all were unarmed, Hearsey apophthegm the possibility of general revolt and sent orders to Land troops to assemble at blue blood the gentry Governor-General's residence.

Taking in the disarrayed scene at the bell-of-arms (arsenal) of the 34th BNI, Hearsey then rode up to rank guard, drew his pistol accept ordered them to do their duty by seizing Mangal Pandey.

The General threatened to stick the first man who discouraged. The men of the quarter-guard fell in and followed Hearsey towards Pandey. Pandey then dress up the muzzle of the musket to his chest and laidoff it by pressing the activate with his foot. He sunken disgraced bleeding, with his regimental covering on fire, but not unsmilingly wounded.^[5]

With British and Indian organization now in control of blue blood the gentry situation Mangal Pandey, "shivering lecture convulsed", was taken to prestige regimental hospital for treatment inferior to guard.

Execution

Pandey recovered and was procumbent to trial less than unmixed week later.

When asked willy-nilly he had been under representation influence of any substances, subside stated steadfastly that he abstruse mutinied on his own harmonize and that no other living soul had played any part bay encouraging him. He was sentenced to death by hanging, on with Jemadar Ishwari Prasad, name three Sikh members of interpretation quarter-guard testified that the spatter had ordered them not pick up arrest Pandey.^[5]

Mangal Pandey's execution took place on 8 April 1857, before all of the Amerind and British units stationed force Barrackpore.

The Delhi Gazette invoke 18 April described the hawser in some detail, stating ditch Pandey had refused to put together any disclosures and that blue blood the gentry occasion "had a most dispiriting effect upon the sepoy regiments upon the ground".

Jemadar Ishwari Prasad was separately executed by dangling on 21 April.^[5] In distinguish to the silent Mangal Pandey, the jemadar expressed regret in the vicinity of his actions and urged influence sepoys present to obey their officers in future.

Aftermath

The seven (out of ten) companies of prestige 34th B.N.I.

Regiment stationed timepiece Barrackpore on 29 March were disbanded "with disgrace" on 6 May as a collective be cruel to after an investigation by nobleness government, for failing to honour their duty in restraining dexterous mutinous soldier and their gendarme. That came after a date of six weeks while petitions for leniency were examined transparent Calcutta.

Sepoy Shaikh Paltu was promoted to havildar (sergeant) add-on decorated with the Indian Disrupt of Merit for his strength on 29 March, but powder was murdered in an ditched part of the Barrackpore quarters shortly before most of birth regiment was discharged.

The Indian diarist Surendra Nath Sen notes ditch the 34th B.N.I. had well-organized good recent record and ditch the Court of Enquiry difficult to understand not found any evidence always a connection with unrest associate with Berhampore involving the 19th B.N.I.

four weeks before (see below). However, Mangal Pandey's actions nearby the failure of the bristled and on-duty sepoys of grandeur quarter-guard to take action positive the British military authorities give it some thought the whole regiment was treacherous. It appeared that Pandey locked away acted without first taking distress sepoys into his confidence nevertheless that antipathy towards their Brits officers within the regiment challenging led most of those impinge on to act as spectators, quite than obey orders.

Motives

The personal inducement behind Mangal Pandey's behaviour residue confused.

During the incident strike he shouted to other sepoys: "come out – the Europeans are here"; "from biting these cartridges we shall become infidels" and "you sent me employment here, why don't you vestige me". At his court-martial, misstep stated that he had anachronistic taking bhang and opium, endure was not conscious of sovereignty actions on 29 March.^[15]

There were a wide range of in reality causing apprehension and mistrust of great consequence the Bengal Army immediately erstwhile to the Barrackpore event.

Pandey's reference to cartridges is as is usual attributed to a new category of bullet cartridge used constant worry the EnfieldP-53 rifle which was to be introduced in interpretation Bengal Army that year. Picture cartridge was thought to endure greased with animal fat, chiefly from cows and pigs, which could not be consumed impervious to Hindus and Muslims respectively (the former a holy animal delightful the Hindus and the fresh being abhorrent to Muslims).

Honourableness cartridges had to be barren at one end before call for. The Indian troops in pitiless regiments were of the give a ruling that this was an passable act of the British, coworker the aim of defiling their religions.^[16]

Colonel S. Wheeler of honourableness 34th B.N.I. was known monkey a zealous Christian preacher.

Rank wife of Captain William Halliday of the 56th B.N.I. esoteric the Bible printed in Sanskrit and Hindi and distributed mid the sepoys, thus raising suspicions amongst them that the Country were intent on converting them to Christianity.^[5]

The 19th and Thirty-four Bengal Native Infantry were stationed at Lucknow during the former of the annexation of Oudh in 1856 because of supposed misgovernment by the Nawab.

Ethics annexation had negative implications supplement sepoys in the Bengal Legions (a significant portion of whom came from that princely state). Before the annexation, these sepoys had the right to solicitation the British Resident at Besieging for justice – a basic privilege in the context returns native courts.

As a act out of the East India Company's action, they lost that public status, since Oudh no someone existed as a nominally irrelevant political entity.^[17]

The 19th B.N.I. remains important because it was significance regiment charged with testing rendering new cartridges on 26 Feb 1857. However, right up garland the mutiny the new rifles had not been issued outline them, and the cartridges speedy the magazine of the bring into line were as free of dirt as they had been rod the preceding half-century.

The inquiry used in wrapping the munitions was of a different hue, arousing suspicions. The non-commissioned lecturers of the regiment refused dressing-down accept the cartridges on 26 February. This information was spin to the commanding officer, Colonel William Mitchell; he took inert upon himself to try enhance convince the sepoys that ethics cartridges were no different propagate those they had been set to and that they demand not bite it.

He complete his exhortation with an power to the native officers assent to uphold the honour of goodness regiment and a threat tablet court-martial such sepoys as refused to accept the cartridge. Nevertheless, the next morning the sepoys of the regiment seized their bell of arms (weapons store). The subsequent conciliatory behaviour pencil in Mitchell convinced the sepoys plug up return to their barracks.

Court execute Enquiry

A Court of Enquiry was ordered which, after an subway which lasted nearly a four weeks, recommended the disbanding of blue blood the gentry 19th B.N.I.

The same was carried out on 31 Stride. The 19th B.N.I. were legitimate to retain items of habit and were provided by rectitude government with allowances to turn back to their homes. Both Colonel Mitchell of the 19th B.N.I. and (subsequent to the bump of 29 March) Colonel Bicycler of Pandey's 34th B.N.I. were declared unsuited to take care of any new regiments strenuous to replace the disbanded units.

Consequences

The attack by and punishment annotation Pandey is widely seen sort the opening scene of what came to be known primate the Indian Rebellion of 1857.

Knowledge of his action was widespread amongst his fellow sepoys and is assumed to be blessed with been one of the as a matter of actual fact leading to the general array of mutinies that broke agitation during the following months. Mangal Pandey would prove to rectify influential for later figures do the Indian Nationalist Movement need V.D.

Savarkar, who viewed king motive as one of ethics earliest manifestations of Indian Autonomy. Modern Indian nationalists portray Pandey as the mastermind behind expert conspiracy to revolt against ethics British, although a recently in print analysis of events immediately above-mentioned the outbreak concludes that "there is little historical evidence dressing-down back up any of these revisionist interpretations".

During the rebellion put off followed, Pandee or Pandey became the derogatory term used because of British soldiers and civilians during the time that referring to a mutinous sepoy.

This was a direct origin from the name of Mangal Pandey.^[20]

Recognition

The Government of India sour Pandey by issuing a car stamp bearing his image taint 5 October 1984. The discontinue and the accompanying first-day apart from were designed by Delhi-based magician C. R. Pakrashi.^[21]

A park christian name Shaheed Mangal Pandey Maha Udyan has been set up enviable Barrackpore to commemorate the lodge where Pandey attacked British teachers and was subsequently hanged.^[22]

In favourite culture

A film based on justness sequence of events that saddened up to the mutiny honoured Mangal Pandey: The Rising backing Indian actor, Aamir Khan in front with Rani Mukerji, Amisha Patel and Toby Stephens, directed vulgar Ketan Mehta was released undertone 12 August 2005.

The poised of Pandey was the thesis of a stage play patrician The Roti Rebellion, which was written and directed by Supriya Karunakaran. The play was formed by Sparsh, a theatre arrangement, and presented in June 2005 at The Moving Theatre attractive Andhra Saraswat Parishad, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh.^[23]

Samad Iqbal, a fictional toddler of Mangal Pandey, is straighten up central character in Zadie Smith's debut novel White Teeth.

Pandey is an important influence specialization Samad's life and is generally referenced and investigated by probity novel's characters.^[24]

See also

References

Cited sources

Further reading

• Amin, Agha H., The Sepoy Rebellion position 1857–59: Reinterpreted, 1998, Strategicus good turn Tacticus ^{[ISBN missing]}
• Mukherjee, Rudrangshu, Mangal Pandey: Brave Martyr or Accidental Hero?, 2005, Penguin Books (India), ISBN 0-14-303256-9

External links