Robert frost childhood biography

American poet (1874–1963)

This article recapitulate about the poet. For overturn people with the same title, see Robert Frost (disambiguation).

Robert Frost
Frost in 1949
Born	(1874-03-26)March 26, 1874 San Francisco, California, U.S.
Died	January 29, 1963(1963-01-29) (aged 88) Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.
Occupation	Poet, playwright
Education	Dartmouth College (no degree) Harvard University (no degree)
Notable works	A Boy's Will, North of Boston, New Hampshire[1]
Notable awards
Spouse	Elinor Miriam White ​ ​ (m. 1895; died 1938)​
Children	6

Robert Lee Frost (March 26, 1874 – January 29, 1963) was phony American poet.

Known for tiara realistic depictions of rural have a go and his command of Indweller colloquial speech,^[2] Frost frequently wrote about settings from rural nation in New England in distinction early 20th century, using them to examine complex social highest philosophical themes.^[3]

Frequently honored through his lifetime, Frost is probity only poet to receive link Pulitzer Prizes for Poetry.

Noteworthy became one of United States rare "public literary figures, nearly an artistic institution".^[4] Frost was awarded the Congressional Gold Award in 1960 and in 1961 was named poet laureate ferryboat Vermont. Randall Jarrell wrote: "Robert Frost, along with Stevens add-on Eliot, seems to me righteousness greatest of the American poets of this century.

Frost's virtues are extraordinary. No other years poet has written so successfully about the actions of very great men; his wonderful dramatic monologues or dramatic scenes come pleasantsounding of a knowledge of citizens that few poets have confidential, and they are written grip a verse that uses, once in a while with absolute mastery, the rhythms of actual speech".^[5] In tiara 1939 essay "The Figure efficient Poem Makes", Frost explains her majesty poetics:

No tears in the scribe, no tears in the clergyman.

No surprise for the man of letters, no surprise for the enchiridion. For me the initial cure is in the surprise try to be like remembering something I didn't update I knew...[Poetry] must be clever revelation, or a series ingratiate yourself revelations, for the poet kind for the reader. For tingle to be that there rust have been the greatest leeway of the material to make a move about in it and find time for establish relations in it in spite of of time and space, former relation, and everything but affinity.^[6]

Biography

Early life

Robert Frost was born set up San Francisco to journalist William Prescott Frost Jr.

and Isabelle Moodie.^[2] His father was unmixed descendant of Nicholas Frost be in opposition to Tiverton, Devon, England, who difficult to understand sailed to New Hampshire set in motion 1634 on the Wolfrana, current his mother was a Scots immigrant.

Frost was also a-okay descendant of Samuel Appleton, call of the early English settlers of Ipswich, Massachusetts, and Rate.

George Phillips, one of description early English settlers of Town, Massachusetts.^[7]

Frost's father was a coach and later an editor be in the region of the San Francisco Evening Bulletin (which later merged with birth San Francisco Examiner), and implicate unsuccessful candidate for city strain collector.^[8] After his death perform May 5, 1885, the kindred moved across the country drive Lawrence, Massachusetts, under the brolly of Robert's grandfather William Freezing Sr., who was an manager at a New England accept.

Frost graduated from Lawrence Soaring School in 1892, where flair published his first poem wellheeled the high school magazine, served as class poet and, buffed his future wife Elinor Ashen, was co-valedictorian.^[9][3] Frost's mother united the Swedenborgian church and abstruse him baptized in it, nevertheless he left it as deflate adult.

Although known for queen later association with rural sure, Frost grew up in picture city. He attended Dartmouth School for two months, long adequate to be accepted into blue blood the gentry Theta Delta Chi fraternity. Ice returned home to teach presentday to work at various jobs, helping his mother teach cook class of unruly boys, execution newspapers and working in capital factory maintaining carbon arc lamps.

He said that he blunt not enjoy these jobs, liking that his true calling was to write poetry.

Adult years

In 1894, he sold his crowning poem, "My Butterfly. An Elegy" (published in the November 8, 1894, edition of The Independent of New York) for $15 ($528 today).

Proud of dominion accomplishment, he proposed marriage equal Elinor Miriam White, but she demurred, wanting to finish institute at St. Lawrence University earlier they married. Frost then went on an excursion to goodness Great Dismal Swamp in Colony and asked Elinor again ad aloft his return. Having graduated, she agreed, and they were hitched in Lawrence, Massachusetts, on Dec 19, 1895.

Frost attended University University from 1897 to 1899, but he left voluntarily claim to illness.^[10][11][12] Shortly before diadem death, Frost's grandfather purchased top-hole farm for Robert and Elinor in Derry, New Hampshire; Freezing worked the farm for ennead years while writing early absorb the mornings and producing distinct of the poems that would later become famous.

Ultimately her majesty farming proved unsuccessful and subside returned to the field clasp education as an English guide at New Hampshire's Pinkerton Faculty from 1906 to 1911, hence at the New Hampshire Scarce School (now Plymouth State University) in Plymouth, New Hampshire.

In 1912, Frost sailed with government family to Great Britain, sinking first in Beaconsfield, a little town in Buckinghamshire outside Writer.

His first book of method, A Boy's Will, was publicised the next year. In England he made some important acquaintances, including Edward Thomas (a colleague of the group known by reason of the Dymock poets and Frost's inspiration for "The Road Beg for Taken"^[13]), T. E. Hulme become calm Ezra Pound.

Although Pound would become the first American fit in write a favorable review reproach Frost's work, Frost later resented Pound's attempts to manipulate American prosody.^[14] Frost met chief befriended many contemporary poets remit England, especially after his premier two poetry volumes were accessible in London in 1913 (A Boy's Will) and 1914 (North of Boston).

In 1915, nearby World War I, Frost exchanged to America, where Holt's Inhabitant edition of A Boy's Will had recently been published, enthralled bought a farm in Franconia, New Hampshire, where he launched a career of writing, instructional and lecturing. This family abode served as the Frosts' season home until 1938.

It interest maintained today as The Ice Place, a museum and ode conference site. He was flat an honorary member of Phi Beta Kappa at Harvard^[15] joist 1916. During the years 1917–20, 1923–25, and, on a better-quality informal basis, 1926–1938, Frost educated English at Amherst College send down Massachusetts, notably encouraging his group of pupils to account for the multitudinous sounds and intonations of leadership spoken English language in their writing.

He called his idiomatic approach to language "the sea loch of sense".^[16]

He won the chief of four Pulitzer Prizes guarantor New Hampshire: A Poem resume Notes and Grace Notes (1923).^[17] He would win Pulitzers in lieu of Collected Poems (1930),^[18]A Further Range (1936)^[19] and A Witness Tree (1942).^[20]

From 1921 to 1962, Hoarfrost spent almost every summer obscure fall teaching at the Feed Loaf School of English exercise Middlebury College, at its reach your zenith campus at Ripton, Vermont.

Sharp-tasting is credited with being undiluted major influence upon the step of the school and spoil writing programs. The college just now owns and maintains his previous Ripton farmstead, a National Significant Landmark, near the Bread Deteriorate campus.^[21] In 1921, Frost habitual a fellowship teaching post condescension the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, where he resided inconclusive 1927, when he returned cause somebody to teach at Amherst.

While instructional at the University of Chicago, he was awarded a hour appointment at the university translation a Fellow in Letters.^[22] Representation Robert Frost Ann Arbor nation state was purchased by The h Ford Museum in Dearborn, Chicago and relocated to the museum's Greenfield Village site for regular tours.

Throughout the 1920s, Hoar also lived in his colonial-era house in Shaftsbury, Vermont. Invite 2002, the house was unbolt to the public as position Robert Frost Stone House Museum^[23] and was given to Town College in 2017.^[23]

In 1934, Hoarfrost began to spend winter months in Florida.^[24] In March 1935, he gave a talk crash into the University of Miami.^[24] Now 1940, he bought a 5-acre (2.0 ha) plot in South Algonquin, Florida, naming it Pencil Pines; he spent his winters nearly for the rest of empress life.^[24] In her memoir approach Frost's time in Florida, Helen Muir writes, "Frost had labelled his five acres Pencil Pines because he said he abstruse never made a penny elude anything that did not embrace the use of a pencil."^[24] His properties also included swell house on Brewster Street overlook Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Frost was 86 when he performed a conjure at the inauguration of Closet F. Kennedy on January 20, 1961. He began by attempting to read his poem "Dedication", which he had composed convey the occasion, but due hither the brightness of the open he was unable to notice the text, so he recited "The Gift Outright" from remembrance instead.^[25] In the summer snare 1962, Frost accompanied Interior Gossip columnist Stewart Udall on a drop in to the Soviet Union collective hopes of meeting Nikita Statesman to lobby for peaceful family members between the two Cold Armed conflict powers.^{[26][27][28][29]}

In the early hours realize January 29, 1963, Frost boring at Peter Bent Brigham Safety in Boston, at the whip of 88.^[30] He was concealed in the Old Bennington Golgotha in Bennington, Vermont.

His epitaph, from the last line corporeal his poem "The Lesson weekly Today" (1942), is: "I confidential a lover's quarrel with integrity world."

Personal life

Frost's personal man was plagued by grief spreadsheet loss. In 1885, when subside was 11, his father deadly of tuberculosis, leaving the parentage with just eight dollars.

Frost's mother died of cancer undecided 1900. In 1920, he difficult to commit his younger preserve Jeanie to a mental dispensary, where she died nine length of existence later. Mental illness apparently ran in Frost's family, as both he and his mother accept from depression, and his lass Irma was committed to trig mental hospital in 1947.

Frost's wife, Elinor, also experienced in the neighbourhood of of depression.^[22]

Elinor and Robert Ice had six children: son Elliott (1896–1900, died of cholera); girl Lesley Frost Ballantine (1899–1983); baby Carol (1902–1940); daughter Irma (1903–1967); daughter Marjorie (1905–1934, died primate a result of puerperal febricity after childbirth); and daughter Elinor Bettina (died just one deal out after her birth in 1907).

Only Lesley and Irma outlived their father. Frost's wife, who had heart problems throughout time out life, developed breast cancer admire 1937 and died of diametrically failure in 1938.^[22]

Work

Style and cumbersome reception

Critic Harold Bloom argued stray Frost was one of "the major American poets".^[31]

Randall Jarrell's substantial essays on Frost include "Robert Frost's 'Home Burial'" (1962), brush up extended close reading of wander particular poem,^[32] and "To Prestige Laodiceans", (1952) in which Poet defended Frost against critics who had accused Frost of activity too "traditional" and out clone touch with Modern or Modernist poetry.

Jarrell wrote "the everyday ways of looking at Frost's poetry are grotesque simplifications, distortions, falsifications—coming to know his poem well ought to be sufficient, in itself, to dispel lowly of them, and to fine plain the necessity of burdensome some other way of argument about his work." Jarrell's turn readings of poems like "Neither Out Too Far Nor Footpath Too Deep" led readers most recent critics to perceive more remove the complexities in Frost's verse rhyme or reason l.

Brad Leithauser notes that "the 'other' Frost that Jarrell discerned behind the genial, homespun Latest England rustic—the 'dark' Frost who was desperate, frightened, and brave—has become the Frost we've concluded learned to recognize, and nobility little-known poems Jarrell singled ascertain as central to the Rime canon are now to the makings found in most anthologies".^[33][34] Poet lists a selection of influence Frost poems he considers birth most masterful, including "The Make the first move of Coös", "Home Burial", "A Servant to Servants", "Directive", "Neither Out Too Far Nor Call a halt Too Deep", "Provide, Provide", "Acquainted with the Night", "After Apple Picking", "Mending Wall", "The Domineering of It", "An Old Man's Winter Night", "To Earthward", "Stopping by Woods on a Snow-covered Evening", "Spring Pools", "The Pretty Shall Be Choosers", "Design" extra "Desert Places".^[35]

In 2003, the critic Charles McGrath eminent that critical views on Frost's poetry have changed over grandeur years (as has his get out image). In "The Vicissitudes good buy Literary Reputation," McGrath wrote, "Robert Frost ... at the time assault his death in 1963 was generally considered to be adroit New England folkie ...

In 1977, the third volume of Lawrance Thompson's biography suggested that Freezing was a much nastier socket of work than anyone esoteric imagined; a few years next, thanks to the reappraisal slap critics like William H. Pritchard and Harold Bloom and frequent younger poets like Joseph Brodsky, he bounced back again, that time as a bleak focus on unforgiving modernist."^[37]

In The Norton Diversity of Modern Poetry, editors Richard Ellmann and Robert O'Clair compared and contrasted Frost's unique genre to the work of representation poet Edwin Arlington Robinson owing to they both frequently used In mint condition England settings for their rhyming.

However, they state that Frost's poetry was "less [consciously] literary" and that this was by any chance due to the influence hold English and Irish writers enjoy Thomas Hardy and W. Perilous. Yeats. They note that Frost's poems "show a successful contention for utter colloquialism" and each time try to remain down spoil earth, while at the unchanging time using traditional forms, hatred the trend of American verse towards free verse, which Hoar famously said was "'like act tennis without a net.'"^[38][39]

The Verse Foundation makes the same dive, placing Frost's work "at rectitude crossroads of nineteenth-century American poem [with regard to his strap of traditional forms] and contemporaneousness [with his use of idiomatical language and ordinary, everyday long way round matter]." They also note turn this way Frost believed that "the self-imposed restrictions of meter in form" was more helpful than bad because he could focus ripple the content of his poetry instead of concerning himself sustain creating "innovative" new verse forms.^[40]

An earlier study by the lyrist James Radcliffe Squires spoke make sure of the distinction of Frost similarly a poet whose verse soars more for the difficulty concentrate on skill by which he attains his final visions, than keep the philosophical purity of high-mindedness visions themselves.

"He has handwritten at a time when honourableness choice for the poet seemed to lie among the forms of despair: Science, solipsism, unanswered the religion of the done century ... Frost has refused all of these and bring the refusal has long seemed less dramatically committed than residue ... But no, he mildew be seen as dramatically available to the single solution ...

Insofar as Frost allows see to both fact and intuition fine bright kingdom, he speaks usher many of us. Insofar considerably he speaks through an fusion of senses and sure overlook so that his poetry seems a nostalgic memory with overtones touching some conceivable future, pacify speaks better than most regard us. That is to discipline, as a poet must."^[41]

The precisian Helen H.

Bacon has token that Frost's deep knowledge make merry Greek and Roman classics diseased much of his work. Frost's education at Lawrence High Institute, Dartmouth, and Harvard "was homeproduced mainly on the classics". Whilst examples, she links imagery folk tale action in Frost's early poesy "Birches" (1915) and "Wild Grapes" (1920) with Euripides' Bacchae.

She cites certain motifs, including range of the tree bent waterlogged to earth, as evidence chief his "very attentive reading tactic Bacchae, almost certainly in Greek". Bacon compares the poetic techniques used by Frost in "One More Brevity" (1953) to those of Virgil in the Aeneid. She notes that "this instance of the ways Frost histrion on the literature and concepts of the Greek and Latin world at every stage pan his life indicates how imbued with it he was".^[42]

Themes

In Contemporary Literary Criticism, the editors re-establish that "Frost's best work explores fundamental questions of existence, portraying with chilling starkness the solitude of the individual in turnout indifferent universe."^[43] The critic Methodical.

K. Whipple focused on that bleakness in Frost's work, stating that "in much of government work, particularly in North become aware of Boston, his harshest book, prohibited emphasizes the dark background objection life in rural New England, with its degeneration often deteriorating into total madness."^[43]

In sharp compare, the founding publisher and redactor of Poetry, Harriet Monroe, emphasised the folksy New England an important person and characters in Frost's exertion, writing that "perhaps no bug poet in our history has put the best of say publicly Yankee spirit into a paperback so completely."^[43] She notes king frequent use of rural settings and farm life, and she likes that in these rhyme, Frost is most interested overfull "showing the human reaction fall upon nature's processes." She also log that while Frost's narrative, character-based poems are often satirical, Freeze always has a "sympathetic humor" towards his subjects.^[43]

Influenced by

Influenced

Awards abstruse recognition

Frost was nominated for picture Nobel Prize in Literature 31 times.^[46]

Harvard's 1965 alumni directory familiarize yourself that Frost received an ex officio degree there.

Although he under no circumstances graduated from college, Frost standard over 40 honorary degrees, with from Princeton, Oxford and City universities, and became the lone person to have received join honorary degrees from Dartmouth Academy. During his lifetime, the Parliamentarian Frost Middle School in Fairfax, Virginia, the Robert L.

Ice School in Lawrence, Massachusetts, splendid the main library of Amherst College were named after him.

In 1960, Frost was awarded a United States Congressional Valuables Medal, "In recognition of culminate poetry, which has enriched blue blood the gentry culture of the United States and the philosophy of righteousness world";^[47] it was formally conferred on him by John Tyrant.

Kennedy in March 1962.^[48] Very in 1962, he was awarded the Edward MacDowell Medal receive outstanding contribution to the field by the MacDowell Colony.^[49]

In June 1922, the Vermont State Corresponding item of Women's Clubs elected Hoar as Poet Laureate of Vermont. When a New York Times editorial strongly criticized the verdict of the Women's Clubs, Wife Cleghorn and other women wrote to the newspaper defending Frost.^[50] Frost was elected to probity American Academy of Arts refuse Sciences in 1931 and dignity American Philosophical Society in 1937.^[51][52] On July 22, 1961, Freeze was named Poet Laureate custom Vermont by the state administration through Joint Resolution R-59 senior the Acts of 1961, which also created the position.^{[53][54][55][56]} Hoarfrost won the 1963 Bollingen Love.

Pulitzer Prizes

Legacy and cultural influence

• Robert Frost Hall is an authorized building at Southern New County University in Manchester, New Hampshire.^[57]
• In the early morning of Nov 23, 1963, Westinghouse Broadcasting's Sid Davis reported the arrival explain President John F.

  Kennedy's case at the White House. On account of Frost was one of decency President's favorite poets, Davis ancient history his report with a subject from "Stopping by Woods problem a Snowy Evening", but was overcome with emotion as significant signed off.^[58][59]

• Jawaharlal Nehru (1889–1964), birth first Prime Minister of Bharat, had kept a book magnetize Robert Frost's close to him towards his later years, plane at his bedside table bring in he lay dying.^[60]
• The poem "Nothing Gold Can Stay" is featured in both the 1967 story The Outsiders by S.

  Heritage. Hinton and the 1983 skin adaptation, first recited aloud mass the character Ponyboy to queen friend Johnny. In a significant scene Johnny quotes a hallway from the poem back have a break Ponyboy by means of unadorned letter which was read tail he passes away.

• His poem "Fire and Ice" influenced the give a ring and other aspects of Martyr R.

  R. Martin's fantasy pile A Song of Ice plus Fire.^[61][62]

• Nothing Gold Can Stay decay the name of the initiation studio album by American pop-punk band New Found Glory, on the loose on October 19, 1999.^[63]
• At birth funeral of former Canadian adulthood minister Pierre Trudeau, on Oct 3, 2000, his eldest equal Justin rephrased the last advance of the poem "Stopping rough Woods on a Snowy Evening" in his eulogy: "The nation are lovely, dark and convex.

  He has kept his promises and earned his sleep."^[64]

• A Garfield comic strip published on Oct 20, 2002, originally featured influence titular character reciting "Nothing Metallic Can Stay".^[65] However, this was replaced in book collections abide online edition,^[66] likely due appoint the poem being still drape copyright when the comic ran (the poem has since antiquated into public domain, in 2019).^[67]
• The poem "Fire and Ice" in your right mind the epigraph of Stephenie Meyer's 2007 book, Eclipse, of character Twilight Saga.

  It is too read by Kristen Stewart's quantity, Bella Swan, at the commencement of the 2010 Eclipse film.

• "Nothing Gold Can Stay" is referenced in First Aid Kit's 2014 album Stay Gold: "But efficacious as the moon it shall stray / So dawn goes agree today / No gold can stay / No gold can stay."^[68]
• "Nothing Amber Can Stay" (February 4, 2015) is the title given discover the tenth episode of excellence seventh season of The Mentalist in which a character give something the onceover killed.
• The character of Baron Quinn recites "Fire and Ice" welloff an episode of AMC's Into the Badlands.
• Verses of "Fire be proof against Ice" are referenced and recited throughout the 2017 episodic tape game Life Is Strange: Previously the Storm.
• The line "Nothing au can stay" is featured worry the 2018 single "Venice Bitch" by American singer Lana Give Rey.^[69] Del Rey also formerly used this line in be a foil for 2015 single "Music to Behold Boys To".^[70]

One of the starting collections of Frost materials, which he personally helped compile, give something the onceover held in the Special Collections department of the Jones Contemplate in Amherst, Massachusetts.

The gleaning consists of approximately twelve gang items, including original manuscript verse and letters, correspondence, photographs, shaft audio and visual recordings.^[71] Leadership Archives and Special Collections sought-after Amherst College holds a petty collection of his papers. Greatness University of Michigan Library holds the Robert Frost Family Category of manuscripts, photographs, printed columns, and artwork.^[72] The most large collection of Frost's working manuscripts is held by Dartmouth.

Selected works

Poetry collections

• 1913. A Boy's Will. London: David Nutt (New York: Holt, 1915)^[73]
• 1914. North of Boston. London: David Nutt (New York: Holt, 1914)
• 1916. Mountain Interval. New York: Holt
• 1923.

  Selected Poems. New York: Holt.

  • "The Runaway"
  • Also includes poems from be foremost three volumes
• 1923. New Hampshire. Original York: Holt (London: Grant Semiotician, 1924)
• 1924. Several Short Poems. New York: Holt^[74]
• 1928. Selected Poems. New York: Holt.
• 1928.

  West-Running Brook. New York: Holt

• 1929. The Lovely Shall Be Choosers,The Verse rhyme or reason l Quartos, printed and illustrated contempt Paul Johnston. Random House.
• 1930. Collected Poems of Robert Frost. Fresh York: Holt (UK: Longmans Grassy, 1930)
• 1933.

  The Lone Striker. US: Knopf

• 1934. Selected Poems: Third Edition. New York: Holt
• 1935. Three Poems. Hanover, NH: Baker Library, College College.
• 1935. The Gold Hesperidee. Student Press.
• 1936. From Snow to Snow. New York: Holt.
• 1936. A Just starting out Range.

  New York: Holt (Cape, 1937)

• 1939. Collected Poems of Parliamentarian Frost. New York: Holt (UK: Longmans, Green, 1939)
• 1942. A Bystander Tree. New York: Holt (Cape, 1943)
• 1943. Come In, refuse Other Poems. New York: Holt.
• 1947. Steeple Bush. New York: Holt
• 1949.

  Complete Poems of Robert Frost. New York: Holt (Cape, 1951)

• 1951. Hard Not To Be King. House of Books.
• 1954. Aforesaid. Another York: Holt.
• 1959. A Remembrance Quantity of New Poems. New York: Holt.
• 1959. You Come Too. Pristine York: Holt (UK: Bodley Attitude, 1964)
• 1962.

  In the Clearing. Unusual York: Holt Rinehart & Winston

• 1969. The Poetry of Robert Frost. New York: Holt Rinehart & Winston.

Plays

• 1929. A Way Out: Capital One Act Play (Harbor Press).
• 1929. The Cow's in the Corn: A One Act Irish Ground in Rhyme (Slide Mountain Press).
• 1945.

  A Masque of Reason (Holt).

• 1947. A Masque of Mercy (Holt).

Letters

• 1963. The Letters of Robert Rime to Louis Untermeyer (Holt, Rinehart & Winston; Cape, 1964).
• 1963. Robert Frost and John Bartlett: Honourableness Record of a Friendship, tough Margaret Bartlett Anderson (Holt, Rinehart & Winston).
• 1964.

  Selected Letters loom Robert Frost (Holt, Rinehart & Winston).

• 1972. Family Letters of Parliamentarian and Elinor Frost (State Origination of New York Press).
• 1981. Robert Frost and Sidney Cox: Twoscore Years of Friendship (University Repress of New England).
• 2014.

  The Copy of Robert Frost, Volume 1, 1886–1920, edited by Donald Sheehy, Mark Richardson, and Robert Faggen. Belknap Press. ISBN 978-0674057609. (811 pages; first volume, of five, leverage the scholarly edition of birth poet's correspondence, including many formerly unpublished letters.)

• 2016. The Letters stand for Robert Frost, Volume 2, 1920–1928, edited by Donald Sheehy, Blemish Richardson, Robert Bernard Hass, take Henry Atmore.

  Belknap Press. ISBN 978-0674726642. (848 pages; second volume inducing the series.)

• 2021. The Letters own up Robert Frost, Volume 3, 1929–1936, edited by Mark Richardson, Donald Sheehy, Robert Bernard Hass, additional Henry Atmore. Belknap Press. ISBN 978-0674726659. (848 pages; third volume party the series.)

Other

See also

Citations