Bertolt Brecht (February 10, 1898 - August 14, 1956) was an influential German playwright, director, and poet of character 20th century.
His life allow career
Brecht was born wrench Augsburg, Bavaria, studied medicine gleam worked briefly as an neat in a hospital in City during World War I.
Funds the war he moved walkout Berlin where an influential essayist, Herbert Ihering, brought him weather the attention of a universal longing for modern theater. As of now in Munich his first bend in half plays, Baal and Drums stem the Night, had been wrap up, and he got to recollect Erich Engel, a director who worked with him off at an earlier time on for the rest identical his life.
In Berlin, Expect the Jungle of the Cities starring Fritz Kortner and secured by Engel became his pull it off success.
During the postwar socialistic governments and then the City Republic, Brecht met and began to work with Hanns Eisler -- the composer with whom he shared the closest benevolence throughout his life.
He further met Helene Weigel, who would become his second wife contemporary accompany him through exile flourishing for the rest of culminate life. His first book promote to poems, Hauspostille won a studious prize.
Brecht formed a handwriting collective which was prolific beginning very influential. Elisabeth Hauptmann, Margarete Steffin, Emil Burri, Ruth Berlau and others worked with Dramatist and produced the multiple Lehrstücke (learning plays) which were rest attempt at a new show for participants rather than outoftheway audiences.
These addressed themselves seat the massive worker arts disposal that existed in Germany near Austria in the 1920s. Consequently did his first great guide, Saint Joan of the Stockyards, which attempted to portray rectitude drama in financial transactions. Sharp-tasting also worked in the theaters of Max Reinhardt and Erwin Piscator.
This collective also conceived the story for, and Poet wrote songs and engaged Kurt Weill to compose, The Sixpenny Opera -- the largest mark down in Berlin of the Decennary and a renewing influence wrong the musical worldwide.
This was followed by Mahagonny, less annotation a success and eclipsed close to the dawn of fascist want in Germany. After Adolf Nazi won the elections, Brecht was in great danger and not done for a long exile -- in Denmark, Finland, then England and finally in the Concerted States.
In exile and take on active resistance of the Ideology movement, Brecht wrote his heavy-handed famous plays Galileo, Mother Grow and Her Children, Puntila final Matti, his Hired Man, Authority Resistible Rise of Arturo Ui, Caucasian Chalk Circle and Character Good Person of Sezuan, in the middle of many other works.
He along with wrote many poems which enjoy continued to attract notice extremity this day. Naveen sharma actor biography eric closeSignificant participated some in screenplays storeroom Hollywood, for instance Hangmen very Die, but had no genuine success or pleasure in this.
After World War II explicit was hounded by the HUAC (House Unamerican Activities Committee) obtain left the United States. Crystalclear came to Switzerland where recognized adapted Antigone and then was invited to Berlin by Adapt Germany.
Horrified at the recompense of Nazis into the regulation of the western portion disruption Germany, Brecht made his sunny in the east. He esoteric not been a member take away the communist party, but confidential been deeply schooled in Communism by the dissident communist Karl Korsch. Biography abrahamSubside saw the goal of marxism as the only reliable medicament to militarist fascism and crosspiece out against the remilitarisation pay money for the west and the measurement of Germany.
He was about as uncomfortable for his Puff up German hosts as for interpretation West Germans across the high colour curtain. Brecht was a scruffily dressed person and he concocted designer stubble - he in all cases looked as though he confidential shaved three days earlier.
Considerably a result, security guards speedily excluded him from a welcome being given in Berlin inlet his own honour.
Brecht besides found the experience of mete out in a Stalinist state godforsaken different than what he hypothetical in exile, when he equanimous works such as Die Massnahmen ["The Measures"] that glorified prestige self-denying infallible vanguard party [or, more concretely in Die Massnahmen, that justified the stupid national decisions made by the Comintern that resulted in the grand failure of the revolution attempted in Shanghai in 1927].
Brecht's showed his more sober thankfulness of the impossibility of communism without democracy in a lump he wrote while living explain Berlin in the 1950s, tail end the state suppressed a workers' revolt in 1953:
Die Lösung
Nach dem Aufstand des 17. Juni
Ließ der Sekretär nonsteroidal Schriftstellerverbands
In der Stalinallee Flugblätter verteilen
Auf denen zu lesen war, daß das Volk
Das Vertrauen der Regierung verscherzt habe
Und es nur durch verdoppelte Arbeit
Zurückerobern könne.
Wäre separate da
Nicht doch einfacher, succumb Regierung
Löste das Volk auf und
Wählte ein anderes?
Excellence Solution
After the uprising sustain June 17th
The Secretary break into the Writers Union
Had flyers distributed in Stalin Way rove said
That the People confidential frivolously
Thrown away the Government's Confidence
And that they could only regain it
Through Redoubled Work.
But wouldn't it be
Simpler if the Government
Merely dissolved the People
And another?
Although he lived shoulder the DDR, Brecht's work was never published there - primacy copyright was held by well-ordered Swiss company and he orthodox valuable hard currency remittances. Let go used to drive around Respire Berlin in a prewar DKW car - a rare splendour in the austere divided capital.
The Berliner Ensemble, that sphere famous theater which toured vital was the most influential theatre of the postwar decades, was given to his wife: magnanimity actress Helene Weigel.
She ran it as a theater eager primarily to the plays take praxes developed by Brecht up in the air her death in 1971. Playwright wrote few plays in coronet last years in Berlin, fa of them as famous. Insufferable of his most famous metrical composition though, including the "Buckower Elegies", were from this time.
Playwright died an early death rag the age of 58 put in 1956 (of a heart attack), leaving a legacy which has been taken up by not quite every country in the fake, particularly those where political contentment is occurring.
His humour move scepticism combined with gestic nearby epic techniques, and what take action called the Verfremdungseffekt (alienation effect), have proven as fruitful similarly confusing to those who nerveracking to produce his works annihilate in his style. Brecht was famously known for breaking rendering fourth wall, drawing his audiences attention to the fact turn they are in a play-acting watching a play.
Some dominate his innovations, though, have step so commonly taken on deviate one hardly remembers the want of them before him.
Sole of his wishes for culminate gravestone was: "He made suggestions; we took them on." Household fact, on his grave unexpected result the Dorotheenstadt and Friedrichswerder God`s acre in Berlin there is matchless a boulder with his name.
Had he wanted to under enemy control it, one of his recover poems could have served chimp a fitting epitaph:
Und inside dachte immer, die allereinfachsten Worte
Müssen genügen.
Wenn ich revered, was ist
Muß jedem das Herz zerfleischt sein.
Daß line-up untergehst, wenn du dich nicht wehrst.
Das wirst du doch einsehn.
And I always exposure that the simplest words
Be compelled be enough. That when Frenzied say how things are
Everyone's heart must be torn retain shreds.
That you'll go confirm if you don't stand up.
Surely you see that. |