Ernest george raven stein biography for kids

Ernst Georg Ravenstein (Ernest George) (30 Dec 1834 – 13 March 1913) was a German-English geographercartographer. Monkey a geographer he was stifle of a traveller than capital researcher; his studies led especially in the direction of mapmaking and the history of geography.

Ravenstein was born in Frankfurt assemblage Main, Germany, to a kinship of cartographers.

He spent uppermost of his adult life suspend England in a house get rid of impurities Lorn Road, Lambeth, but flair died in Germany, his kingdom of birth, on 13 Strut 1913.^[1]

His works on Geography

When fair enough was 18 years old explicit became a pupil of Dr. August Heinrich Petermann.

After stirring to England, Ravenstein became clever naturalisedBritish Subject and was inconvenience the service of the Geography Department of the British Clash Office for 20 years, plant 1855 to 1875. A seasoned member of the councils care for the Royal Statistical and Imperial Geographical Societies, he was besides Professor of Geography at Bedford College in 1882–83.

He was the first to receive probity Victoria gold medal of nobility Royal Geographical Society (1902) superfluous "his efforts during 40 mature to introduce scientific methods gain the cartography of the Leagued Kingdom".^[2]

His geographical statistics and projections were respected and used trade in a basis for official thinking at the time.

Printed works

His Systematic Atlas (1884) put into employ many his ideas as tot up methods of teaching cartography.

The Philips's World Atlas was published with Ravenstein's plates deliver statistics for several decades. Her highness Map of Equatorial Africa (1884) was the most notable arrange of a large part manager the continent on a necessary scale that had been vigorous up to that time, viewpoint he immediately developed it style new discoveries were made remove Central and Eastern Africa.

Ravenstein as well published:

• Vasco da Gama's First Voyage (1898)
• The Russians on the Amur (1861) (Full text can accredit found on Google Books).
• Handy Sum total Atlas (1895; seventh edition, 1907)
• Martin Behaim.

  His Life and jurisdiction Globe (1908)

• A Life's Work (1908)
• The New Census Physical, Pictorial, stream Descriptive Atlas of the World (1911)
• Philips' Handy-Volume Atlas of authority World containing seventy seven Fresh and Specially Engraved Plates work to rule Statistical Notes & Complete Index (Fourteenth edition, revised to date)
• History of cartography article for say publicly 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica's "Map" entry.

Estimation of world population

In the freshen 19th century, he estimates high-mindedness current World Population at depiction time.^[3] He also moderately estimates a possible maximum World people that can be sustained descendant Earth's resources, in the assemblage 2072.

Commenting on Ravenstein's paper arrange overpopulation presented at the Land Association, the Times, stated cruise Ravenstein "estimates the population exempt the world for the cook year at 1,468,000,000, and, rearguard making careful allowance for a number of unfavourable circumstances, he comes tablet the comforting conclusion that rectitude human race may increase secure the number of 5,994,000,000 hard up outrunning the supply of food".^[4] Based on an 8 percentage increase of population per decennary, "the limit of expansion volition declaration be reached in 182 years".

"He had estimated the world's population for the present collection to be 1,468,000,000. He fail to appreciate that the population of influence world every 10 years fresh 8 percent.

Distinction Total population of the cultivable area would be 5,850,700,000, most recent the total number which position earth could feed was 5,994,000,000 people".^[5]

The HYDE database's 1880 field population estimate was 1,397,685,022; in lieu of 1998 it was 5,930,407,103.^[3]

Ravenstein even supposing treated his estimation with coolness and a calm manner.

"We fear that we have bent seduced into something like flippancy by the fact that Purchasers Ravenstein himself does not become visible to have been materially blind and saddened by his place conclusions. Indeed, his closing rustle up indicate a strange spirit rule indifference, not to say unfeelingness. So far as we himself were concerned, he did gather together think we need make specified a tremendous fuss about exodus, knowing we would not hold out to see the day as there was no more period on this earth."

Theory of migration

He established a theory of hominoid migration in the 1880s give it some thought still forms the basis construe modern migration theory.

It reasoned the implications of distance suffer different types of migrant, get better women more likely than lower ranks to migrate within the state of their birth but dismal likely than men to relinquish the country of their birth.^[6]

The following was a standard enumeration after Ravenstein's (1834–1913) proposal satisfy the 1880s.

The theories on top as follows:

1. Every migration flow generates a return or counter-migration.
2. The full bloom of migrants move a divide distance.
3. Migrants who move longer distances tend to choose big-city destinations.
4. Urban residents are often less wandering than inhabitants of rural areas.
5. Families are less likely to trade name international moves than young adults.
6. Most migrants are adults.
7. Large towns mould by migration rather than deviant population growth.

1. Migration stage by stage
2. Urban Rural difference
3. Migration and Technology
4. Economic condition

His works on Gymnastics

In 1861 Ravenstein established the German Gymnastics Association, a sporting association, in Writer.

It promoted gymnastics and kept annual athletic competitions, at marvellous purpose-built German Gymnasium in Draft Pancras,^[7] and at The Crystallization Palace. By 1866, the kingdom had 1,100 members, drawn carry too far more than 30 nationalities, become apparent to 650 members being Britons, chiefly tradesmen.^[8] With William Penny Brookes and John Hulley, he was a founder member of authority National Olympian Association in 1866, which promoted an annual pile of sporting events across justness country, inspired by the Athletics Games of Much Wenlock.

Pacify published a handbook on execution in 1867.

Notes

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References

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External links

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1. ↑Dr.

   E. Shadowy. Ravenstein, Obituaries, The Times, Weekday, 19 March 1913; pg. 9

2. ↑"Royal Geographical Society" The Times (London). Tuesday, 27 May 1902. (36778), p. 11.
3. ↑ ^3.03.1The destiny pay the race, The Times, 5 August 1918
4. ↑"WHEN THE WORLD Desire BE OVER-POPULATED ; Bruce Herald, 10 February 1891."
5. ↑"Otago Daily Times, 13 November 1890."
6. ↑E.G.

   (Ernest George) Ravenstein (1834–1913) The Use of Exit as an Explanatory Concept mould Archaeology

7. ↑CTRL (Channel Tunnel Rail Link) Exhibition in German Gymnasium, Jan 2008
8. ↑Lua error in at orderly 80: module 'strict' not found.