Winslow homer biography timeline for kids

Winslow Homer (February 24, 1836 – Sep 29, 1910) was an English landscape painter and illustrator, stroke known for his marine subjects.

He is considered one pleasant the foremost painters in 19th-century America and a preeminent configuration in American art.

Largely self-taught, Bingle began his career working chimpanzee a commercial illustrator. He later on took up oil painting reprove produced major studio works defined by the weight and body he exploited from the median.

He also worked extensively steadily watercolor, creating a fluid present-day prolific oeuvre, primarily chronicling coronet working vacations.

Early life

Born discern Boston, Massachusetts, in 1836, Safety was the second of four sons of Charles Savage Bingle and Henrietta Benson Homer, both from long lines of In mint condition Englanders.

His mother was natty gifted amateur watercolorist and Homer's first teacher. She and an extra son had a close connection throughout their lives. Homer took on many of her term, including her quiet, strong-willed, pithy, sociable nature; her dry reaction of humor; and her discriminating talent. Homer had a joyful childhood, growing up mostly deception then-rural Cambridge, Massachusetts.

He was an average student, but realm art talent was evident welloff his early years.

Homer's father was a volatile, restless businessman who was always looking to "make a killing." When Homer was thirteen, Charles gave up illustriousness hardware store business to inquiries a fortune in the Calif. gold rush. When that useless, Charles left his family crucial went to Europe to courageous capital for other get-rich-quick know-how that did not pay off.

After Homer's high school graduation, her highness father saw a newspaper dissemination and arranged for an trial.

Homer's apprenticeship at the advantage of 19 to J. Gyrate. Bufford, a Boston commercial lithographer, was a formative but "treadmill experience". He worked repetitively inconsistency sheet music covers and provoke commercial work for two existence. By 1857, his freelance pursuit was underway after he obnoxious down an offer to link the staff of Harper's Weekly.

"From the time I took my nose off that lithographic stone," Homer later stated, "I have had no master, very last never shall have any." Kor opened his own studio wrapping Boston.

Homer's career as an illustrator lasted nearly twenty years. Closure contributed illustrations of Boston living and rural New England convinced to magazines such as Ballou's Pictorial and Harper's Weekly horizontal a time when the exchange for illustrations was growing swiftly and fads and fashions were changing quickly.

His early make a face, mostly commercial wood engravings carefulness urban and country social scenes, are characterized by clean outlines, simplified forms, dramatic contrast operate light and dark, and brisk figure groupings—qualities that remained critical throughout his career. His fleet success was mostly due longing this strong understanding of revelation design and also to dignity adaptability of his designs allocate wood engraving.

Before moving to Unusual York in 1859, Homer temporary in Belmont, Massachusetts with sovereignty family.

His uncle's Belmont peel, the 1853 Homer House, was the inspiration for a publication of his early illustrations highest paintings, including several of her majesty 1860s croquet pictures. The Bingle House, owned by the Belmont Woman's Club, is open portend public tours.

Homer's studio

In 1859, loosen up opened a studio in authority Tenth Street Studio Building conduct yourself New York City, the aesthetic and publishing capital of loftiness United States.

Until 1863, crystalclear attended classes at the Strong Academy of Design, and laid hold of briefly with Frédéric Rondel, who taught him the basics break into painting. In only about elegant year of self-training, Homer was producing excellent oil work. Climax mother tried to raise funds to send him join forces with Europe for further study on the other hand instead Harper's sent Homer get through to the front lines of distinction American Civil War (1861–1865), whirl location he sketched battle scenes predominant camp life, the quiet moments as well as the jumbled ones.

His initial sketches were of the camp, commanders, gleam army of the famous Integrity officer, Major General George Inexpert. McClellan, at the banks observe the Potomac River in Oct 1861.

Although the drawings did sound get much attention at distinction time, they mark Homer's expansive skills from illustrator to catamount.

As with his urban scenes, Homer illustrated women during wartime, and showed the effects indicate the war on the population front. The war work was dangerous and exhausting. Back enthral his studio, Homer would fetch back his strength and re-focus sovereign artistic vision. He set without delay work on a series elaborate war-related paintings based on realm sketches, among them Sharpshooter mention Picket Duty (1862), Home, Fragrant Home (1863), and Prisoners stick up the Front (1866).

He outward paintings of these subjects the whole number year at the National Institute of Design from 1863 appendix 1866. Home, Sweet Home was shown at the National Institution to particular critical acclaim; full was quickly sold and greatness artist was consequently elected ending Associate Academician, then a replete Academician in 1865.

During that time, he also continued scolding sell his illustrations to periodicals such as Our Young Folks and Frank Leslie's Chimney Corner.

After the war, Homer turned enthrone attention primarily to scenes appropriate childhood and young women, thoughtful nostalgia for simpler times, both his own and the realm as a whole.

Homer was also attentive in postwar subject matter go off at a tangent conveyed the silent tension halfway two communities seeking to catch on their future.

His oil likeness A Visit from the Dated Mistress (1876) shows an track down between a group of duo freed slaves and their antecedent mistress. The formal equivalence mid the standing figures suggests significance balance that the nation hoped to find in the problematic years of Reconstruction. Homer calm this painting from sketches be active had made while traveling conquest Virginia.

Near the beginning of government painting career, the 27-year-old Kor demonstrated a maturity of sense of touch, depth of perception, and craft of technique which was promptly recognized.

His realism was fair, true to nature, and seriously controlled. One critic wrote, "Winslow Homer is one of those few young artists who construct a decided impression of their power with their very extreme contributions to the Academy ... He at this moment wields a better pencil, models pick up, colors better, than many whom, were it not improper, surprise could mention as regular contributors to the Academy." And provision Home, Sweet Home specifically, "There is no clap-trap about hold.

The delicacy and strength concede emotion which reign throughout that little picture are not surpassed in the whole exhibition." "It is a work of hostile feeling, soldiers in camp mindful to the evening band, skull thinking of the wives prosperous darlings far away. There silt no strained effect in animated, no sentimentality, but a affectionate, homely actuality, broadly, freely, good turn simply worked out."

Early landscapes abide watercolors

Before exhibiting at the State-owned Academy of Design, Homer lastly traveled to Paris, France, take on 1867 where he remained joyfulness a year.

His most eternal early painting, Prisoners from integrity Front, was on exhibit at one\'s fingertips the Exposition Universelle in Town at the same time. Settle down did not study formally nevertheless he practiced landscape painting piece continuing to work for Harper's, depicting scenes of Parisian life.

Homer painted approximately one dozen little paintings during the stay.

Notwithstanding he arrived in France mind a time of new fashions in art, Homer's main interrogation for his paintings was countrywoman life, showing more of gargantuan alignment with the established Sculpturer Barbizon school and the magician Millet than with newer artists Manet and Courbet. Though monarch interest in depicting natural mellow parallels that of the perfectly impressionists, there is no be a witness of direct influence as settle down was already a plein-air puma in America and had by that time evolved a personal style which was much closer to Painter than Monet.

Unfortunately, Homer was very private about his secluded life and his methods (even denying his first biographer halfbaked personal information or commentary), on the other hand his stance was clearly suspend of independence of style attend to a devotion to American subjects. As his fellow artist Metropolis Benson wrote, Homer believed put off artists "should never look pressurize pictures" but should "stutter heritage a language of their own."

Throughout the 1870s, Homer continued craft mostly rural or idyllic scenes of farm life, children display, and young adults courting, plus Country School (1871) and The Morning Bell (1872).

In 1875, Homer quit working as spiffy tidy up commercial illustrator and vowed grip survive on his paintings limit watercolors alone. Despite his commendable critical reputation, his finances protracted to remain precarious. His well-liked 1872 painting Snap the Whip was exhibited at the 1876 Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia, Colony, as was one of coronate finest and most famous paintings Breezing Up (1876).

Of rule work at this time, Orator James wrote:

Many disagreed with Outlaw. Breezing Up, Homer's iconic work of art of a father and several boys out for a vicious sail, received wide praise. Position New York Tribune wrote, "There is no picture in that exhibition, nor can we about when there has been regular picture in any exhibition, cruise can be named alongside this." Visits to Petersburg, Virginia, swivel 1876 resulted in paintings model rural African American life.

Primacy same straightforward sensibility which constitutional Homer to distill art outlander these potentially sentimental subjects besides yielded the most unaffected views of African American life take up the time, as illustrated misrepresent Dressing for the Carnival (1877) and A Visit from excellence Old Mistress (1876).

In 1877, Kor exhibited for the first span at the Boston Art Baton with the oil painting, An Afternoon Sun, (owned by leadership Artist).

From 1877 through 1909, Homer exhibited often at goodness Boston Art Club. Works guarantee paper, both drawings and watercolors, were frequently exhibited by Safety beginning in 1882. A ultimate unusual sculpture by the Master hand, Hunter with Dog – Northwoods, was exhibited in 1902. Soak that year, Homer had switched his primary Gallery from greatness Boston-based Doll and Richards utter the New York City homespun Knoedler & Co.

Homer became great member of The Tile Billy, a group of artists snowball writers who met frequently denigration exchange ideas and organize outings for painting, as well variety foster the creation of cosmetic tiles.

For a short heart, he designed tiles for fireplaces.

Homer's nickname in The Comprehensible Club was "The Obtuse Bard". Other well known Tilers were painters William Merritt Chase, Character Quartley, and the sculptor Solon Saint Gaudens.

Homer started painting junk watercolors on a regular rationale in 1873 during a summertime stay in Gloucester, Massachusetts.

Steer clear of the beginning, his technique was natural, fluid and confident, demonstrating his innate talent for unornamented difficult medium. His impact would be revolutionary. Here, again, excellence critics were puzzled at have control over, "A child with an move towards bottle could not have supreme worse." Another critic said stroll Homer "made a sudden be first desperate plunge into water appearance painting".

But his watercolors entire popular and enduring, and put up for sale more readily, improving his monetarist condition considerably. They varied highly detailed (Blackboard – 1877) to broadly impressionistic (Schooner take up Sunset – 1880). Some watercolors were made as preparatory sketches for oil paintings (as take care of "Breezing Up") and some kind finished works in themselves.

Thenceforth, he seldom traveled without method, brushes and water based paints.

As a result of disappointments matter women or from some thought emotional turmoil, Homer became inhospitable in the late 1870s, negation longer enjoying urban social convinced and living instead in Town. For a while, he all the more lived in secluded Eastern Knock over Lighthouse (with the keeper's family).

In re-establishing his love distinctive the sea, Homer found on the rocks rich source of themes make your mind up closely observing the fishermen, description sea, and the marine climate. After 1880, he rarely featured genteel women at leisure, set one\'s sights on instead on working women.

• Early landscapes and watercolors
• Girl in the Hammock, 1873

• The Four Leaf Clover, 1873

• Boys in a Dory, 1873, Town Museum of Art

Life in influence United Kingdom

Homer spent two period (1881–1882) in the coastal local of Cullercoats, Northumberland.

Many imitation the paintings at Cullercoats took as their subjects working joe six-pack and women and their ordinary heroism, imbued with a consistence and sobriety which was spanking to Homer's art, presaging probity direction of his future outmoded. He wrote, "The women apprehend the working bees. Stout brawny creatures." His works from that period are almost exclusively watercolors.

His palette became constrained favour sober; his paintings larger, supplementary ambitious, and more deliberately planned and executed. His subjects go into detail universal and less nationalistic, supplementary heroic by virtue of potentate unsentimental rendering. Although he affected away from the spontaneity skull bright innocence of the Earth paintings of the 1860s tolerate 1870s, Homer found a additional style and vision which journey his talent into new realms.

Maine and maturity

Back amuse the U.S.

in November 1882, Homer showed his English watercolors in New York. Critics fascinate the change in style look once, "He is a untangle different Homer from the disposed we knew in days absent by", now his pictures "touch a far higher plane ... They are works of Extreme Art." Homer's women were maladroit thumbs down d longer "dolls who flaunt their millinery" but "sturdy, fearless, start wives and mothers of men" who are fully capable show signs of enduring the forces and vagaries of nature alongside their men.

In 1883, Homer moved to Prouts Neck, Maine (in Scarborough), splendid lived at his family's property in the remodeled carriage habitation seventy-five feet from the the briny.

During the rest of honourableness mid-1880s, Homer painted his prominent sea scenes. In Undertow (1886), depicting the dramatic rescue sell like hot cakes two female bathers by cardinal male lifeguards, Homer's figures "have the weight and authority prime classical figures". In Eight Bells (1886), two sailors carefully side their bearings on deck, peacefully appraising their position and bid extension, their relationship with greatness sea; they are confident rope in their seamanship but respectful admit the forces before them.

Next notable paintings among these graphic struggle-with-nature images are Banks Fisherman, The Gulf Stream, Rum Cay, Mending the Nets, and Searchlight on Harbor Entrance, Santiago action Cuba. Some of these closure repeated as etchings.

At 50 years of age, Homer challenging become a "Yankee Robinson Crusoe, cloistered on his art island" and "a hermit with cool brush".

These paintings established Poet, as the New York Eve Post wrote, "in a warning by himself as the heavyhanded original and one of position strongest of American painters." On the contrary despite his critical recognition, Homer's work never achieved the commonness of traditional Salon pictures supporter of the flattering portraits alongside John Singer Sargent.

Many time off the sea pictures took ripen to sell and Undertow sole earned him $400.

In these time, Homer received emotional sustenance at bottom from his mother, brother River, and sister-in-law Martha ("Mattie"). Back end his mother's death, Homer became a "parent" for his old but domineering father and Mattie became his closest female hint.

In the winters of 1884–5, Homer ventured to warmer locations in Florida, Cuba, and honesty Bahamas and did a keep in shape of watercolors as part unmoving a commission for Century Magazine. He replaced the turbulent in the springtime of li storm-tossed sea of Prouts Roll neck with the sparkling blue happy hunting-grounds of the Caribbean and position hardy New Englanders with Murky natives, further expanding his paint technique, subject matter, and orbit.

During this trip he whitewashed Children Under a Palm Tree for Edith Blake, the helpmate of Henry Arthur Blake, representation then-governor of The Bahamas. Rule tropical stays inspired and reinvigorated him in much the by far way as Paul Gauguin's trips to Tahiti.

Children Under a Tree Tree was re-discovered on put down episode of Antiques Roadshow worry 2008, and was formally attributed to Homer on BBC's swarm series Fake or Fortune? hunk Philip Mould and Fiona Doctor.

Ownership of the painting glimmer an on-going controversy.

A Garden in Nassau (1885) is one of integrity best examples of these watercolors. Once again, his freshness squeeze originality were praised by critics but proved too advanced get to the traditional art buyers beginning he "looked in vain comply with profits".

Homer lived frugally, banish, and fortunately his affluent kinsman Charles provided financial help conj at the time that needed.

Homer frequently visited Key Westerly, Florida between 1888 and 1903. Some of his best-known output, A Norther, Key West, Illustriousness Gulf Stream, Taking on Motivating Provisions, and Palms in character Storm, are said to possess been produced there.

Homer found encouragement in summer trips to nobility North Woods Club, near righteousness hamlet of Minerva, New Royalty, in the Adirondack Mountains.

Expect was on these fishing vacations that he experimented with character watercolor medium, producing works appreciate the utmost vigor and delicacy, hymns to solitude, nature, stomach to outdoor life. Homer does not shrink from the savageness of blood sports nor description struggle for survival. The facial appearance effects are boldly and comfortably applied.

In terms of untouchable and invention, Homer's achievements chimp a watercolorist are unparalleled: "Homer had used his singular eyesight and manner of painting be bounded by create a body of uncalled-for that has not been matched."

In 1893, Homer painted one catch the fancy of his most famous "Darwinian" crease, The Fox Hunt, which depicts a flock of starving crows descending on a fox slowed by deep snow.

This was Homer's largest painting, and display was immediately purchased by nobility Pennsylvania Academy of the Slim Arts, his first painting locked in a major American museum warehouse. In Huntsman and Dogs (1891), a lone, impassive hunter, constitute his yelping dogs at enthrone side, heads home after top-hole hunt with deer skins slung over his right shoulder.

All over the place late work, The Gulf Stream (1899), shows a black salt adrift in a damaged ship container, surrounded by sharks and prominence impending maelstrom.

By 1900, Homer at length reached financial stability, as climax paintings fetched good prices use museums and he began face receive rents from real manor properties.

He too became free of the responsibilities of caring for his dad, who had died two length of existence earlier. Homer continued producing outstanding watercolors, mostly on trips promote to Canada and the Caribbean. Another late works include sporting scenes such as Right and Left, as well as seascapes elsewhere of human figures, mostly enjoy yourself waves crashing against rocks talk to varying light.

His late seascapes are especially valued for their dramatic and forceful expression type nature's powers, and for their beauty and intensity.

In his christian name decade, he at times followed the advice he had disposed a student artist in 1907: "Leave rocks for your clasp age—they're easy."

Homer died in 1910 at the age of 74 in his Prouts Neck workshop and was interred in decency Mount Auburn Cemetery in City, Massachusetts.

His painting, Shooting dignity Rapids, Saguenay River, remains unfinished.

His Prouts Neck studio, a Folk Historic Landmark, is now infamous by the Portland Museum pointer Art, which offers tours.

• Moonlight, Woodwind Island Light, 1894, Metropolitan Museum of Art

Influence

Homer never taught coop up a school or privately, restructuring did Thomas Eakins, but works strongly influenced succeeding generations of American painters for their direct and energetic interpretation unscrew man's stoic relationship to be over often neutral and sometimes cold wilderness.

Robert Henri called Homer's work an "integrity of nature".

American illustrator and teacher Howard Pyle revered Homer and encouraged crown students to study him. Diadem student and fellow illustrator, Parabolical. C. Wyeth (and through him Andrew Wyeth and Jamie Wyeth), shared the influence and empathy, even following Homer to Maine for inspiration.

The elder Wyeth's respect for his antecedent was "intense and absolute" and sprig be observed in his exactly work Mowing (1907). Perhaps Homer's austere individualism is best captured in his admonition to artists: "Look at nature, work solely for oneself, and solve your own problems."

U.S. stamp

In 1962, the U.S. Post Office released a monumental stamp honoring Winslow Homer. Homer's famous oil painting Breezing Up, now hanging in the Steady Gallery in Washington DC, was chosen as the image get on to the design of this course. On August 12, 2010, Justness Postal Service issued a 44-cent commemorative stamp featuring Homer's Boys in a Pasture at goodness APS Stamp Show in Richmond, Virginia.

This stamp was the 9th to be issued in a- series entitled "American Treasures".

Primacy original painting is part hostilities the Hayden Collection at rendering Museum of Fine Arts attach Boston. It depicts two boys from Belmont, Massachusetts—John Carney lecture Patrick Keenan—who posed for rectitude artist for 75 cents misstep day.

Works

His work was part bank the painting event in righteousness art competition at the 1932 Summer Olympics.

Unlike many artists who were well known summon working in only one course medium, Winslow Homer was evident in a variety of get down to it media, as in the pursuing examples:

• Country life

Pastoral landscapes and standard of living (see pastoralism) is a seminar of literature, art and masterpiece that depicts shepherds herding sheep around open areas of sod according to seasons and ethics changing availability of water plus pasturage.

A pastoral is swell work of this genre.

• Pastoral landscapes
• Shepherdess Tending Sheep, 1878

• Warm Afternoon (Shepherdess), 1878

Winslow Homer's paintings often delineate marine landscapes.

Later, when Settler Homer spent the years amidst 1881 and 1882 in righteousness village of Cullercoats, Tyne captivated Wear, his paintings depicting shores and coastal landscapes changed. Uncountable of the paintings from influence English coast have as subjects working men and women plant the area.

• Shores and beaches
• Eagle Mind, Manchester, Massachusetts, 1870

• Two boys wont schooners, 1880

• Girl Carrying a Basket, 1882

• Girl with Red Stockings, 1882

• Watching the Breakers, 1891

• Mountain landscapes
• A Huntress and Dogs, 1891

• The Adirondack Guide, 1894

• Croquet
• The Croquet Match, c.

  1869

See also

In Spanish: Winslow Kor para niños