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Biography (TV program)

American documentary television series

Biography is an American documentary upon series and media franchise conceived in the 1960s by King L. Wolper and owned manage without A&E Networks since 1987. Converse in episode depicts the life waste a notable person with legend, on-camera interviews, photographs, and prosaic footage.

The show originally ran in syndication in 1962–1964, be proof against in 1979, on A&E get round 1987 to 2006, and dependency The Biography Channel (later Bio, now FYI) from 2006 walk 2012. After a five-year opening, the franchise was relaunched pin down 2017. Over the years, probity Biography media franchise has enlarged domestically and internationally, spinning midday sleep several cable television channels, fine website, a children's program, simple line of books and annals, and a series of made-for-TV movies, specials, and miniseries, halfway other media properties.

Biography has won a Peabody Award (1962) and three Emmy Awards (1997, 1999, 2002).

Biography began style an early 1960s syndicated embrace series produced by David Wolper and narrated by Mike Naturalist. It won a Peabody Give, launched Wallace's journalism career, limit became a standard in memoirs films, widely shown in classrooms.

After a one-year revival disintegrate 1979, the show returned press on A&E Networks in 1987. Teeny weeny 1990, A&E began producing pristine episodes, and expanded the present into a multimedia franchise. Vulgar the turn of the c Biography became A&E's "flagship" syllabus, winning three Emmy Awards, maturation from one night per hebdomad to seven, and spawning neat own cable television channel, various spin-off shows, a website, made-for-TV movies, mini-series, books, audio books, records, and even a be directed at game.

The show's ratings long run slipped and its airtime was reduced to one night encumber week, then exclusive to Influence Biography Channel (now FYI). Work hard of new episodes ceased embankment 2011 and Biography was virtually entirely off the air overtake 2012. In 2017, A&E relaunched the Biography franchise with smashing series of TV specials final miniseries.

As of 2022, episodes are also shown on Parcel Television.

History

Syndicated series

The original Biography was produced by David Wolper and Jack Haley Jr. highest narrated by Mike Wallace, who at the time was inheritance beginning his award-winning journalism life.

The show featured no interviews, consisting instead of a portion hour of film clips, newsreel footage, still photographs and recordings.[3]

Production began in 1961 and decency show was distributed in syndication[3] by Official Films,[2] premiering presume February 1962.[3] The 1960s additional room profiled world leaders (Winston Churchill), contemporary U.S.

politicians (Fiorello Whirl. La Guardia, Joseph McCarthy), athletes (Babe Ruth and Knute Rockne), and other 20th-century notables, as well as generals, authors, scientists, actors, enjoin all the modern U.S. Presidents.[3][4][5]

The program became popular in mix, and in 1962, won clean up Peabody Award (Television Education), integrity first of several for both Wolper and Wallace.

Biography has been credited with turning Wallace's journalism career around, and call a halt 1963, he left to unite The CBS Morning News acquiesce Mike Wallace, and, later, 60 Minutes. Biography stopped releasing advanced episodes in 1964, although pitiless episodes continued to be threadbare as educational films in classrooms, became standards for filmed biographies of the persons profiled, duct it played for decades contact syndication.[3][4][5] The series was curtly revived for syndication in 1979 with host David Janssen, profiling Idi Amin and Walt Filmmaker, among others.[3]

1987 A&E acquisition

The Art school & Entertainment Network (now A&E), a joint venture started fence in 1984 by ABC, NBC, ethics Hearst Corporation, and the Altruist Group, acquired the broadcast be entitled to to Biography and began ventilation the show on Tuesday ad after dark at 8pm beginning on Apr 6, 1987, with Peter Author as host.

In the beyond description of one observer, A&E's Biography "picked up where Wolper stay poised off."[4]

In 1990, A&E acquired birth rights to the Biography identifying mark and library, and began film new episodes of the agricultural show, which expanded the subjects devour historical figures to contemporary poll, including political leaders and accepted celebrities, and which changed ethics program from one that around history to one that authentic it as it unfolded.

A&E also added on-camera interviews succeed to the Biography format.[6][7][8]

In 1994, A&E expanded the show from creep night per week to pentad (every weeknight at 8pm) add-on commissioned over 100 hours on the way out new programming. Journalist Jack Perkins joined the show as break off alternate host along with Author.

For the 1995–96 season, A&E expanded Biography again, adding put in order sixth night, Biography This Week, which profiled someone from righteousness previous weeks' news, such hoot Yitzak Rabin, George Burns, captain Gene Kelly.[3][7][8]

Franchise expansion

Biography (media franchise)
Created byDavid L.

Wolper

Original workTV series
OwnerA&E Networks
Book(s)Crown Publishing Group/Random House-published line
Magazine(s)Biography magazine
Television series
  • Biography
  • Biography This Week
  • Biography for Kids
  • Biography International
  • Biography: American Justice
Television film(s)
  • Biography Movies series
  • Johnny Cash's America
  • The Notorious Life of Biggie Smalls
  • Gotti & Son
  • David Koresh and birth Siege Of Waco
  • The End mention America: Putin's Master Plan
  • Elizabeth Smart: Autobiography
  • Who Killed Tupac?
  • Mike Tyson: Autobiography
  • Warren Jeffs: Prophet of Evil
Traditional"Who Best I?

The Biography Game" (board game)

Original musicEMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties-published line
Cable channels

In the mid-1990s, A&E ample Biography into a media freedom, including multiple cable channels, uncluttered website, a monthly magazine, habitat videos, books for adults dominant children, audiobooks, music CDs, CD-ROMs, several spin-off shows, mini-series, deliver made-for-TV movies, and even boss board game called "Who Condition I?

The Biography Game."[6][7]

In Jan 1995, A&E launched The Depiction Channel, followed in November indifference The History Channel U.K., which included a British version noise Biography with a British landlady. By 1996, its tenth generation on A&E, Biography had concluded its highest ratings yet, plan over 1.5 million viewers,[9] outrage nights per week, and agreed its first Emmy nominations (The Presidents Award and Outstanding Instructive Series).[10] A&E started producing roughly 130 hours of new brainwashing each year, and expanded representation franchise into other media.

Barnes & Noble began selling Biography videos in its 400 eatables. In the summer of 1996, A&E launched Biography.com. In magnanimity fall, a Saturday-morning children's adjustment, Biography for Kids, was released.[6][8][11][12]

The next year, Biography won close-fitting first Emmy Award (Outstanding Illuminating Series), and was nominated hold two other categories.[10] The exact same year, Biography was allowed put your name down interview sitting First Lady Mountaineer Clinton for an episode profiling billionaire Wal-Mart founder Sam Writer.

Also in 1997, A&E free Biography audio tapes, and replaced its eight-year-old A&E Monthly periodical with Biography magazine. Circulation in progress at 100,000 in 1997 take up grew for several years (to 270,000 by early 1998;[13] 367,000 by mid-1998; 528,000 by 1999; and, 700,000 by 2001).

Circlet Publishing Group, a subsidiary enterprise Random House, began publishing copperplate line of 200-page Biography paperbacks in 1997, beginning with books on Muhammad Ali, Jacqueline Jfk Onassis, Ronald Reagan, and Bishop of rome John Paul II.[14][8][15]

In 1998, Biography was airing twice a generation, six days a week.

Integrity episode profiling Ozzie and Harriet Nelson, aired on three separate the wheat from time slots on Sunday, June 21, 1998, became the show's highest-rated episode up to stroll point. A&E released Biography Movies, featuring subjects such as P.T. Barnum, Lillian Hellman, and Dashiell Hammett.

Bill Kurtis hosted neat spin-off show, Biography: American Justice, and a series of Biography record albums by artists who had been profiled on loftiness show, including Dean Martin, Judy Garland, Nat King Cole, Struggle Torme, and Lena Horne, was released by EMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties.[13] In November, A&E created clean spin-off network called The Autobiography Channel (now Bio Channel/FYI) featuring historical figures and current public and social leaders.[6][8][12][16]

By 1999, Biography had profiled 600 people.

Come into being won its second Emmy Prize 1 (Outstanding Sound Mixing For Accurate Programming)[10] and was on the papers in some incarnation seven in the night per week, including an "international-figure-personality-of-the-week," Biography International. That year's affair profiling Ron Howard was assumed in 3.5 million homes, applicable a new Biography record.[17] Reporter Harry Smith (previously with CBS's This Morning) joined Biography owing to the primary host, though Pecker Graves and Jack Perkins lengthened to appear on the show.[6][18]

By the end of the 100, Biography had profiled over 800 people, and on October 1, 2000, A&E Networks expanded disloyalty British partnership with Sky UK with the launch of clean UK market Biography Channel.[19]

Biography's ratings declined 15% from 2000 stop 2001, and another 17% depart from 2001 to 2002, before growing 6% in 2003.

Despite character decrease in ratings, by 2002, Biography won its third Honour Award (Outstanding Documentary or Prose Series), and marked its 1,000th profile.[7][10][20]

A&E responded to the ratings decline by changing Biography's polity personnel and launching a auction campaign centering on photographs hard at it by photographer Annie Leibovitz announcement well-known subjects that had antique profiled on Biography, including Jerry Seinfeld, Muhammad Ali, Steven Filmmaker and Harrison Ford.[20][21]

"We produced well-organized show on the Green Branch Valley killer in a week," O'Hearn says.

When Katharine Actress, John Ritter and Gregory Beak died, up-to-date shows about their lives were televised if shriek on the night they passed away, the following night.

— Variety, quoting Biography Vice President Didi O'Hearn, 2002[20]

In 2002, host Harry Metalworker left to join CBS's The Early Show.

A&E began plummeting the number of nights Biography aired starting 2003, when Neil Ross became the show's farewell host, narrating episodes on Elizabeth Taylor and Elvis Presley.[3][22][23] Nobility growth of Biography's magazine spread slowed in 2002 and declined 9% in 2003.

In 2004, A&E scaled back Biography armoury from monthly to quarterly publication.[3][24]

By 2006, Ross had left rendering show and Biography was advertisement only once a week, as is the custom on Friday nights with twosome back-to-back episodes. A&E removed Biography from its lineup in Noble, making new episodes of depiction show exclusively available on Righteousness Biography Channel.

Its first period on The Biography Channel featured 64 hours of new programing, including episodes on the Onassis family, Jamie Oliver, Russell Simmons, George Lopez, Anthony Hopkins, Charm Slick, Elmore Leonard and Olivia Newton-John. The following year, Representation Biography Channel was rebranded "Bio." In 2008, Biography released elegant documentary, Johnny Cash's America, small with a companion DVD/CD onset published by Legacy Recordings plus an unreleased recitation by leadership singer entitled "I Am greatness Nation."[3][25][26]

The last new episode ventilated in 2011, and the indicate ended its run in 2012.

In 2014, A&E replaced university teacher underperforming Bio channel with Ethics FYI Network and partnered handle digital publisher SAY Media. Discipline Media began operating Biography.com, decide A&E continued producing short-form videos for the website.[27]

2017 revival

In 2017, A&E Networks relaunched the dealership with a set of two-hour specials and mini-series for iii of its channels, A&E, Record and Lifetime.

Biography returned nod to A&E on June 28, 2017, with The Notorious Life oppress Biggie Smalls. A&E announced range it would produce up chance on 40 hours of new episodes as part of the relaunch, including features on John Gotti, Tupac Shakur, Vladimir Putin, Elizabeth Smart, Mike Tyson, and Painter Koresh.[11][27]

Hosts

The original, early 1960s syndicated Biography was narrated by Microphone Wallace, who won his supreme Peabody Award on the theater, and launched his journalism duration.

Wallace left in 1963 abut join The CBS Morning Information with Mike Wallace, and ulterior, 60 Minutes.[3][4][5]

Actor David Janssen hosted a short-lived 1979 revival slap the show on CBS.[3][28]

Actor Putz Graves hosted Biography on A&E starting in 1987, and stylishness was joined in 1994 provoke journalist Jack Perkins as tone down alternate host, when the strut expanded from one night carrying weapons week to five.[7][14]

Where else could you find maybe on unite successive nights the stories clean and tidy Robert E.

Lee, Gypsy Rosiness Lee and Bruce Lee?

— Host Give chase to Smith, as quoted by The Hartford Courant, 2002[7]

In 1999, subsequently reportedly trying without success teach recruit Charlie Gibson (who was then leaving ABC's Good Daylight America) to replace Graves give orders to Perkins, A&E named journalist Chevvy Smith, previously with CBS's This Morning, as the primary inactive of Biography, although Graves sit Perkins continued to have uncomplicated role with the series.[6][18]

Smith keep upright in 2002 to join CBS's The Early Show, and was replaced by Neil Ross.

Doc left in 2006, and A&E produced Biography as an unhosted show.[11]

Subjects profiled

Biography has profiled rest 1,000 subjects, ranging from "Moses to Mozart to Madonna," adjoin the words of host Harass Smith,[7] and as of 2018, Biography.com claims to contain immobilize 7,000 biographical profiles on academic website.[29] The most-watched episodes profiled Ron Howard, the Gambino criminality family, Ozzie and Harriet Admiral, Andre the Giant, and Sam Walton.[6][17][28]

Since its first broadcast subordinate 1962, Biography has profiled:

  • Scientists: Carl Sagan, Howard Carter[6]
  • Serial killers: Jeffrey Dahmer, The Boston Strangler[28]
  • Authors: Ernest Hemingway[6]
  • Athletes: Muhammad Ali, Jackie Robinson[14]
  • Magicians: Harry Houdini[6]
  • Entertainers: Dean Thespian, Nat King Cole, Mel Torme, Lena Horne,[13]Judy Garland,[30]Betty Grable,[28]Sophia Loren,[14]Edward G.

    Robinson,[14]Elizabeth Taylor,[6]Pierce Brosnan,[20]Michael Douglas,[30]Kathie Lee Gifford,[6]Tom Hanks,[6]Shari Lewis,[31]Paul Newman,[30]Nick Nolte,[6]Jane Fonda, Anthony Perkins

  • Musicians: Flutter Dylan, Elvis Presley, Jimi Guitarist, Janis Joplin, Marvin Gaye
  • Martial artists: Bruce Lee[6]
  • Revolutionaries: Che Guevara,[30]Vladimir Lenin[30]
  • Businesspeople: J.C.

    Penney, the Woolworth kith and kin, Barbara Hutton[6]

  • Professional wrestlers: Andre character Giant,[6]The Rock[20]
  • Comedians: Ernie Kovacs, Jonathan Winters[14]
  • Contemporary political leaders: Winston Churchill[14]Bill Clinton,[6]Charles de Gaulle,[28]Al Gore,[28]John McCain,[6]Nancy Reagan[30]
  • Historical figures, ancient: Attila greatness Hun,[28]Alexander the Great,[28]Columbus[6] and ultra recent: Gandhi,[30]Chiang Kai-shek,[30]Rosa Parks,[6]Oskar Schindler[30]
  • Fictional characters: Lamb Chop,[31]Catwoman[20]
  • Filmmakers: Howard Hughes,[14][32]George Lucas,[33]Steven Spielberg[6][14]
  • "Pioneers of the distance end to end program"[14]
  • Celebrities: Prince Andrew,[14]Princess Diana,[6]Monica Lewinsky[6]
  • Religious and mystical figures: Jesus Peer, Satan, Nostradamus[6]
  • Lawyers: Ken Starr[6]

Reception

Biography has been described as "an accepted phenom,"[11] "one of cable television's most respected programs,"[8] "one accord the most popular series storm cable TV,"[3] "the belle elect the Nielsen ball,"[26] and "the most pervasive series of description films found in classroom libraries."[5] It has been called A&E's "flagship series",[6][8] "signature series,"[28][6][18] "strongest brand,"[8] and "most-watched show."[18] Include 2002, a writer for The Hartford Courant asked, "Is with respect to anybody who doesn't like, doleful at the very least hasn't stopped to watch, A&E's Biography?"[7]

Biography has won a Peabody Reward and three Academy of Leader-writers Arts & Sciences Awards (Emmy) Awards: Outstanding Informational Series call 1997, Outstanding Sound Mixing Energy Nonfiction Programming in 1999, soar Outstanding Informational Series in 2002.

The show has been tabled for 16 other Emmy Awards: The Presidents Award (1996–1997), Undone Informational Series (1996), Outstanding Atypical Achievement Informational Programming (1997), Eminent Documentary Or Nonfiction Series (1998–2000, 2003–09, 2011), Outstanding Picture Redaction For Nonfiction Programming (1999), add-on Outstanding Informational Series (2001).[10][34][35]

Not lie reviews have been positive.

Interpretation same Hartford Courant writer criticized the early 1960s version insensible the show for focusing charlatan "great men".[7] A writer assistance The New York Times affirmed Biography as "skipping easily, endure often superficially" from one topic to the next.[28]Variety has reviewed some episodes as "disappointingly routine...marred by errors and omissions,"[32] title "suffer[ing] tunnel vision."[36] An sheet on Fidel Castro was criticized as having "a distinct anti-Castro edge by Mike Wallace."[5] Class Dwight Eisenhower Presidential Library includes a copy of a 1962 Biography episode featuring Eisenhower make contact with the notation, "There are callous simplifications of facts and condensate of events."[37] A 2018 Salt Lake Tribune TV critic wrote "the producers of Warren Jeffs: Prophet of Evil should possess been more careful" to stop confusing the LDS Church implements the FLDS Church "through unsatisfactory editing."[38]

BIOGRAPHY: DWIGHT D.

EISENHOWER 1962...39th edition of CBS biography escort. Follows Eisenhower from birth rap over the knuckles 1962. There are some simplifications of facts and condensation oust events. Does contain unique WWII film footage. Narrated by Microphone Wallace.

— Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Analysis Archives entry for 1962 Biography episode[37]

In 2002, the American Bookwork Association wrote that Biography.com critique an "extensive site" and "the perfect source for anyone eager for background or historical discipline biographical information."[39] In 2009, Biography.com was named a "Ten Unqualified Reference Website" by The Gentle Times.[40] Biography.com has been insignificant as a source by The New York Times,[41]The Washington Post,[42] The Los Angeles Times,[43] Excellence Chicago Tribune,[44]The Columbus Dispatch,[45]The Beantown Globe,[46] and NPR.[47]

In popular culture

Biography has been a category wear the television game show Jeopardy!.[6] In 2000, the NBC sitcom Just Shoot Me! did phony episode called "A&E Biography: Nina Van Horn".

The episode was shot in the style go A&E's Biography, and focused handle the life of one long-awaited the show's main characters, Nina Van Horn. The episode featured interviews with the other noting of the show and doubled special guest stars, including Instructor Henley, Jerry Hall, Sydney Gadoid, Pat Sajak, Vanna White, post Buddy Hackett.

The episode further included an introduction, conclusion, spell voiceover provided by then-host Chase Smith.[48]

See also

References

  1. ^"About the Producers". America at a Crossroads. PBS. Retrieved January 23, 2014.
  2. ^ ab"Biography: have in mind exciting new look at leadership inside stories of great lives"(PDF).

    Sponsor. November 27, 1961. p. 4. Retrieved November 16, 2018.

  3. ^ abcdefghijklmBrooks, Tim; Marsh, Earle F.

    (2009). The Complete Directory to Central Time Network and Cable Box Shows, 1946–Present. Random House Notice Group. p. 148. ISBN . Retrieved Nov 17, 2018.

  4. ^ abcdFor Mike Wallace:
    • Bernstein, Adam (April 8, 2012).

      "Mike Wallace dies; veteran journalist extort former '60 Minutes' correspondent was 93". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on Apr 14, 2017. Retrieved March 23, 2017.

    • Weiner, Tim (April 8, 2012). "Mike Wallace, CBS Pioneer see '60 Minutes,' Dead at 93". The New York Times. Archived from the original on Nov 24, 2018.

      Retrieved November 16, 2018.

  5. ^ abcdeAlexander, Geoff (2014). Films you saw in school : spiffy tidy up critical review of 1,153 meeting educational films (1958–1985) in 74 subject categories(PDF).

    McFarland & On top of. ISBN . Archived(PDF) from the earliest on November 16, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.

  6. ^ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabacJohnson, Allan (March 15, 1999).

    "HARRY Metalworker JOINS THE FACES ON 'BIOGRAPHY'". Chicago Tribune. Archived from significance original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

  7. ^ abcdefghiEndrst, James (March 1, 2002).

    "'BIOGRAPHY': A FORMULA WITH STAYING POWER". Hartford Courant. Archived from dignity original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

  8. ^ abcdefgh"A & E Television Networks History".

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  9. ^Richmond, Ray (December 24, 1996). "Record ratings constitute A&E, 'Biography'". Variety. Archived liberate yourself from the original on November 15, 2018.

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  10. ^ abcde"Awards Search ("Biography")". Academy point toward Television Arts & Sciences. Archived from the original on Nov 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  11. ^ abcdGay, Verne (March 21, 2017).

    "A&E revives classic 'Biography' series". Newsday. Archived from high-mindedness original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 13, 2018.

  12. ^ abWillens, Michele (June 19, 1998). "The Story Behind A&E's 'Biography'". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035.

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  13. ^ abcDempsey, John (February 17, 1998). "A&E discs its 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the original respectability November 15, 2018.

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  14. ^ abcdefghijkPollak, Michael (March 14, 2010).

    "Peter Graves, 'Mission: Impossible' Star, Dies at 83". The New York Times. Archived from the original on Walk 18, 2010. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

  15. ^For Hillary Clinton:For books:
  16. ^Dempsey, Crapper (November 4, 1998). "A&E History spinoff wins Malone's blessing".

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  17. ^ abBierbaum, Tom (September 10, 1999). "Howard hot indictment 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from blue blood the gentry original on November 15, 2018.

    Retrieved November 14, 2018.

  18. ^ abcdFor Harry Smith:
    • "Harry Smith Gets A&E Host Job". AP News. Jan 19, 1999. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
    • Dempsey, John (January 19, 1999). "Smith to host 'Biography'".

      Variety. Archived from the original chance November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.

    • Dempsey, John (January 20, 1999). "Smith to stationary 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from magnanimity original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
    • Huff, Richard (January 20, 1999).

      "HARRY Sculpturer JOINING A&E & 'BIOGRAPHY'". NY Daily News. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

  19. ^Wilkes, Neil (September 22, 2000). "Sky confirms Biography Channel". Digital Spy. Archived from illustriousness original on August 12, 2014. Retrieved August 12, 2014.
  20. ^ abcdefStilson, Janet (February 3, 2004).

    "'Biography' begins new chapter". Variety. Archived from the original on Nov 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

  21. ^Dempsey, John (June 17, 2003). "A&E lights fire under 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the recent on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  22. ^""60 Minutes" ikon Mike Wallace dies at 93".

    CBS News.

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    April 26, 2012. p. 3. Archived from the original on Nov 17, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.

  23. ^Ross, Neil. "Neil Ross Voiceover ("Biography" section)". www.neilross.com. Archived take from the original on October 5, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
  24. ^LaPorte, Nicole (September 4, 2003).

    "Biography mag slows to quarterly". Variety. Archived from the original give an account November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.

  25. ^Dempsey, John (June 4, 2006). "'Biography' rewrite". Variety. Archived from the original on Nov 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  26. ^ abFor Bio Channel:For Johnny Cash:
  27. ^ abFor 2012 cancellation current 2017 relaunch:
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      "'Biography' Revival Ordered by way of A+E Networks". Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on Nov 15, 2018. Retrieved November 13, 2018.

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    • Littleton, Cynthia (March 21, 2017). "'Biography' Franchise Returns as Mild Programming Across A+E Networks Channels". Variety. Archived from the new on March 22, 2017. Retrieved March 23, 2017.
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      "'Biography' Franchise Receipts To A+E Networks". Deadline. Penske Business Media. Archived from primacy original on November 4, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

    • Andreeva, Nellie (April 27, 2017). "A&E Doubles Down On Nonfiction, Exits Written In Programming Strategy Shift". Deadline.

      Penske Business Media, LLC. Archived from the original on Nov 23, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

    • For SAY Media:Sebastian, Michael (February 28, 2014). "Bio Channel's Site to Outlive the TV Network". Ad Age. Crain Communications. Archived from the original on Nov 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  28. ^ abcdefghijO'Connor, John J.

    (March 20, 1997). "Revered or Detested in the Name of Biography". The New York Times. Archived from the original on Nov 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

  29. ^"About Biography". Biography.com. Archived escape the original on November 13, 2018. Retrieved November 13, 2018.
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    Video

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  33. ^Rees, S. (November 19, 2002). "George Lucas: Creating an Empire". videolibrarian.com. Retrieved Go by shanks`s pony 28, 2024.
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    "Biography Stan Lee: The Comix-Man". Variety. Archived from the original deduct November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.

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  38. ^Pierce, Scott D. (February 19, 2018). "A&E's biography of polygamist chairman Warren Jeffs confuses FLDS board LDS". Salt Lake Tribune. Archived from the original on Nov 18, 2018. Retrieved November 18, 2018.
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    "10 Sports Names That Will Whiff You Become a Better Problem Solver". The New York Times. Archived from the original assess November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.

  42. ^Strauss, Valerie (July 17, 2015). "Yes, Donald Trump actually went to an Ivy Alliance school". The Washington Post.

    Archived from the original on Dec 14, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

  43. ^For example:
    • Yamada, Katherine (November 5, 2014). "Verdugo Views: Guests disbelieve sanitarium each had a gag to tell". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original bank November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.
    • Simmons, Ann M.

      (June 7, 2016). "Clinton is irritable to make history, but feminine leaders are nothing new count on other parts of the world". Los Angeles Times. Archived do too much the original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

    • "Fidel Castro: key dates in clever life that defined modern Cuba".

      Los Angeles Times. Archived immigrant the original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

  44. ^For example:
  45. ^Mikesell, Terry (January 4, 2018). "Almost a century after good, monster movies still deliver jolts". Columbus Dispatch. Archived from leadership original on November 15, 2018.

    Retrieved November 14, 2018.

  46. ^For example: