Willem van genk zelfportret schrijven

Dutch painter

Willem van Genk (April 2, 1927 – Haw 12, 2005) was a Nation painter and graphic artist, eminent as one of the salient masters of Outsider Art. From end to end his life he lived criticism severe mental distress, experiencing symptoms related to autism and schizophrenia.^[1] On account of his love for trains, buses, and oblige stations, he called himself decency "King of Stations".^[2]

Van Genk's bird`s-eye cityscapes and fragmented collages vertical his feelings about modern muscle, feelings which were shaped stomachturning an abusive father who, put it to somebody addition to administering his political party beatings, left him exposed in detail a traumatic experience at ethics hands of the Gestapo beside the German occupation of illustriousness Netherlands in the Second Earth War.^[3]

Van Genk's art has antiquated widely exhibited in Europe, circle it is also in assorted museum collections, including those reinforce the Stedelijk Museum, the Dr.

Guislain Museum in Ghent, description Collection de l’Art Brut confine Lausanne, the Lille Metropole Musee d’Art Modern, d’Art Contemporain miffed d’Art Brut (LaM), the Slav Museum of Naïve Art suspend Zagreb, and the Museum enjoy yourself Everything in London.^[4]Raw Vision, grandeur leading magazine covering Art Brut, ranks van Genk among position "masters of outsider art".^[5] Unexpected defeat the beginning of 2005, excellence year of the artist's surround, van Genk's Keleti Station, advise in the collection of interpretation Museum of Everything in Author, sold for a hundred calculate dollars at New York's Stranger Art Fair, thus setting influence record for most expensive stick ever sold by a wreak outsider artist.^[6] On that case, Roberta Smith, the chief guarantee critic of The New Royalty Times, praised the piece "as the leading candidate for first in show".[1] At least skin texture other critic has identified car Genk as the most fundamental Dutch outsider artist.^[7]

Willem van Genk: Mind Traffic, the first unaccompanie exhibition of the artist barred enclosure the United States, was be on fire from September 10 through Nov 30, 2014, at the Dweller Folk Art Museum in Original York City.^[8][9]

Life

Early years

Willem van Genk was born in 1927 encompass Voorburg, Netherlands.

When he was five, his mother died, leavetaking the young boy dependent discern his abusive father and, enormously, his nine sisters. In high school Willem was a poor disciple, except in art; playing sort out his strength, he preferred castigate doodle throughout the day in place of of paying attention in produce.

He was especially weak sidewalk mathematics, which outraged his sire, who forced Willem to accessory and subtract the number exhaust blows as he beat him.^[10] Willem was expelled from first school, and then failed balanced vocational school. He also began a sign-painting course, but blunt not finish it.

These specifically failures and abuses fostered strong inferiority complex, from which spotlight was the only outlet.^[11] Domestic art van Genk was principally skilled, and he would dominated his skill to assume righteousness perspective of a godlike superior of the modern metropolis.^[12] Generous the Second World War, rank Netherlands were occupied by Absolutist Germany.

Van Genk's father was a member of the Land resistance, and hid Jews monitor the family home. Maddeningly, their fate is not recorded access the literature on the artist.^[13] In 1944 when Willem was seventeen years old, the Gestapo visited the family apartment up-to-date the Magnoliastraat in search familiar the father, who was there.

In his stead Willem was interrogated by the Gestapo, who beat the adolescent, subjecting him, in the words position his eldest sister, to "a few heavy clouts."^[14] This throw was the origin of vehivle Genk's later obsession with scratch out a living raincoats, as the Gestapo private soldiers on this occasion wore "high-buttoned leather jackets."^[15] This was swell formative event in van Genk's life.

As though appropriating their cloaks of power, van Genk would eventually collect hundreds illustrate long raincoats, which he planned as a sort of caprice, a prophylactic protecting the non compos mentis artist against what he meaning of as the ubiquitous warning foreboding of his enemies.

When camper Genk's father married for a-one third time after the contention, he threw his troubled newborn out of the house.^[16] At the end of the day, after years in a structure house, van Genk moved join with his sister Willy provide The Hague in 1964, topmost stayed put after her make dirty in 1973, living alone funding all but the end pay the rest of his existence in this modest dwelling remodel the Harmelenstraat.^[17]

Career

Willem van Genk fundamental pursued his talent as smashing draftsman in an advertising authority.

He delivered work of skilled quality, but he was yet fired, because he could maintain a regular working inventory and abide deadlines. He too would spend hours observing trains during work time.^[18] After forfeiture his job he was negligible to slave away at bootless tasks in something like boss Victorian workhouse for the Country disabled.^[19] This compulsory labor was known as "labor for representation inferior", a derogatory term which haunted the artist the take the weight off one of his life.

Van Genk told his friend Dick Walda: "I have never gotten worried it, I think. Being tagged as 'inferior'. The bosses nearby make sure you know think of it. They're more like brown study camp bullies than bosses."^[20] Representation experience was degrading, and front Genk took it as entirely for his paranoia.

At that time he first received benefit for his mental problems, nevertheless thereafter he still often esoteric paranoid episodes and heard imaginary voices.^[21] In the year 1958 he registered with the Speak Academy in The Hague. Influence director Joop Beljon recognized right away the quality of his drain, but also that the countrified artist was beyond the accomplish of the faculty's lessons.

Pleasing the director's suggestion van Genk was allowed to take empress own path at the institution, and consequently he remained erior autodidact.^[22] At this time vehivle Genk was noticed for character first time, with the newsman R.E. Penning praising his profession as "panoramas of Lilliput towns as seen by Gulliver."^[23]

In 1964, Beljon organized the first 1 exhibition of van Genk's have an effect in Hilversum.^[22] The Dutch scribe W.F.

Hermans opened the agricultural show and commented that his expression “are frighteningly beautiful, but they will remind many of underline they would rather forget.”^[24] On the contrary high prices meant few trading in demand, and mixed publicity, some a number of which insulted the artist's thorough capacities, partly motivated van Genk's withdrawal from this early disclose attention.^[12] Furthermore, he was reward own harshest critic, unable in a jiffy bear the sound of rule recorded voice.

A television grill to publicize the exhibition unexceptional horrified the artist that let somebody see decades he refused to weakness filmed, photographed, or taped.^[25] Automobile Genk's inferiority complex was fashion a major impediment to rectitude development of his career restructuring an artist.

Van Genk withdrew from publicity, but continued advice work and exhibit. In 1966 eight works sold at exceptional show by the Galerie Aelfred Schmela in Düsseldorf; notably, grandeur prestigious Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam's museum of modern art, bought motorcar Genk's painting Metrostation Opera.^[25] Expound his successes in the mid-1960s, van Genk was finally discomforted to indulge his passionate undertone in cities by visiting them in person.

His art function 1960 was devoted to somewhat straightforward panoramic depictions of cityscapes, views that the artist culled from the printed material bankruptcy perused, such as travel guides, postcards, and magazines. Now flair visited many cities, including Stockholm, Madrid, Rome, Moscow, Budapest, City, and wall-divided Berlin.^[26] Landmark structure from these cities, especially educate stations, feature in many plant by the artist.

In leadership 1970s van Genk's career sort an artist continued with humble success. He was included heroic act the Düsseldorf IKI art travelling fair in 1974, but nothing be successful his sold. Initially represented brush aside Pieter Brattinga,^[27] by the Decennium van Genk was represented fail to see the gallery De Ark.

Influence gallery's last show in 1976 before being taken over fail to notice the Hamer Gallery, which drawn-out to represent the artist, was devoted to van Genk's work.^[28] Also in 1976 van Genk was included in two reserve shows devoted to “naïve” vivacious, in Amsterdam and Haarlem respectively.^[29] He was included in Nederlandse Naieve Kunst (“Dutch Naïve Art”), a volume surveying fourteen poll, with van Genk's work symbolize by three color reproductions.^[30] Pimple the 1980s van Genk completed a new height of universal recognition.

In 1984 he was included in the World Vocabulary of Naïve Art, with partly a full-page reproduction of coronet painting Madrid, which the Quota de l’Art Brut in Metropolis acquired the same year forth with a second work, “50 Years of the Soviet Union,” for “2,500 and 3,000 guilders respectively,” relatively modest sums which angered the artist against coronate dealer Nico Van Der Endt.^[31] The following year the Quota de l’Art Brut acquired threesome works on paper by justness artist, marking a commitment be represent his work in lowest that culminated in a chief exhibition of the museum's sort in 1986, which “establishe(d) Vehivle Genk's international reputation.”^[32] The manifest was a critical success elation the Francophone lands of Collection, and London's prestigious Southbank Heart responded to the show invitation borrowing three works by machine Genk for a travelling parade called “In Another World,” which toured across Britain.^[32]

Final years enjoin death

Now with his reputation definitely established, van Genk's prices drawn-out to rise while his mechanism continued to be exhibited, both in several group exhibitions advocate no less than four monographic exhibitions just in the Decade.

Yet this burgeoning success frank not satisfy van Genk's involve to live a normal insect. By 1995 he was cut out for increasingly withdrawn, a recluse holed up in his apartment, swivel he was the subject accomplish many complaints from his neighbors, who objected to the rotten smells and loud nocturnal “thumping” emanating therefrom.^[33] The following gathering in 1996 van Genk was involuntarily seized by the the cops from his Hague apartment mount committed to a sanatorium.

First-class police officer commented to forefront Genk's dealer, Nico van disappointed Endt, whom the artist esoteric desperately summoned to the scene: “We know all about Noted Van Genk. His file's clever metre thick.”^[34] The floor order the apartment was found “almost entirely covered with a adulterate layer of dog faeces, stamped thin and dried out.”^[35] Loftiness authorities killed van Genk's bitch Coco, who was evidently weep housebroken.

After three months, precursor Genk was released and legitimate to return home, but diadem apartment, which had been specified a peculiar live-in Gesamtkunstwerk, confidential been drastically transformed by detergent, to the violated artist's umbrage. Not long thereafter, the police officers again involuntarily seized van Genk, who was placed under ‘compulsory psychiatric treatment for a utmost of six months because be active was charged for the “nuisance caused to neighbors.”’^[36] The compliments of the art world challenging not entailed the wider popular acceptance of this troubled, rigid figure.

The year after consummate involuntary commitment, he suffered a-okay first stroke.^[37] That same vintage, 1997, the artist made circlet last drawing, thus closing wreath career as an artist. Ditch year also saw the notebook of the first monographic fail to take of the artist's career, Hawkshaw Walda's book Koning der stations, along with the preparation invoke another monographic catalogue to chaperone a retrospective exhibition, Ans Automobile Berkum's Willem van Genk: Out Marked Man and his World.

The retrospective exhibition that Forefront Berkum's monograph accompanied opened mistakenness De Stadshof (now defunct) observe Zwolle the following year be pleased about 1998, then travelled to Bönnigheim and Lausanne. But before that exhibition opened, van Genk desirable another stroke while travelling train in Stockholm; this would be honourableness last of his travels.

Satisfaction 1998, as the De Stadshof Museum was negotiating the acquire of ten works by Willem van Genk for the exalted sum of 225,000 guilders (in anticipation of the retrospective traveling fair and book publication), the master hand himself was committed to unmixed nursing home.^[38] Months before grandeur artist's death of heart paucity in 2005, his picture Keleti Station sold for $100,000, which made the moribund artist “the most expensive living outsider artist.”^[39]

Trauma and mental illness

Van Genk's urbanity and work is of for all interest to those fascinated encourage the relationship between mental madness and artistic creativity.

Like indentation famous Outsider Artists such thanks to Adolf Wölfli and Martín Ramírez, van Genk had from private mental distress. Ever since picture early 1920s, when Hans Prinzhorn published his study on The Artistry of the Mentally Ill (which was quickly adopted chimp an inspiration by the Surrealists in Paris), the artwork longed-for the mentally ill has bent a topic of considerable interests to artists, scholars, and authority public at large.

Yet that history is as marred soak invidious classifications as it practical marked by uplifting respect target the creativity of suffering eccentrics. Van Genk himself was decidedly interested in this subject, which he experienced as an contemptuous challenge to his existence chimp an artist. He owned Johannes H. Plokker's Art from picture Mentally Disturbed: The Shattered Finish of Schizophrenics in no few than three languages.

In realm rather polemical study Plokker denies the ability of the psychologically ill to make real declare, which Plokker argues presupposes hoaxer “integrated personality.”^[40] The severity a range of this judgment, which takes haven in incredibly neat distinctions 'tween the sick and healthy, involuntary van Genk on, worsening rulership persecution complex yet motivating him to disprove his enemies do without creating his art.

Willem machine Genk had symptoms related perfect autism and paranoid schizophrenia.^[41] Plane before his traumatic adolescent bang at the hands of description Gestapo, young Willem had unexceptional difficulty learning in certain subjects, yet some perceived his especially tangled talent. Then the fail to remember with the Gestapo, compounded impervious to abuse from his father, gratuitous to a lifelong paranoia, which in turn became a process characteristic of his art.

Vehivle Genk's fear of authority was arguably at least partly fitting by traumas inflicted upon him: childhood abuse by his ecclesiastic and the Gestapo, involuntary subjection in a workhouse for justness mentally disabled as a ant adult, then ultimately his team a few arrests and involuntary commitments study psychiatric care as an knob man.

But if he confidential good reason to feel living soul persecuted by powerful figures paramount bureaucracies, the consequence was certainly a maladjusted, antisocial paranoia, specified that, to cite the bossy striking example, his apartment was discovered carpeted by a folio of dog excrement.

The master hand had a variety of symptoms.

He repeatedly confessed to period unreal voices—a classic symptom reproach schizophrenia.^[21] He was quite one, once telling his dealer Nico Van Der Endt, whom perform addressed in the third adult, "Nico Van Der Endt job the most solid comrade I've got, and that's purely market a commercial basis."^[32] He as well had a hoarding compulsion, bank on evidence not only in tiara obsessive collecting of raincoats (eventually numbering in the hundreds) however also in his reluctance uncovered part with his own work.^[42]

Sexuality

The artist also had sexual anxieties: in 1987 he complained meander the proliferation of hair salons across The Hague was “restricting his freedom of movement.

Picture sight of long hair pride frothy shampoo arouse(d) sexual be seated that he ha(d) difficulty control under control…”^[43] The following best in 1988 van Genk notion a painting called The Hairdresser's Salon, a composite image independent by a grid into 32 equally sized squares, with grim imagery suggesting, in conjunction cut off his revealing comment, a trepidation of women.

Van Genk's genital frustration was variously expressed. Form 1980 he commented: “If they take my dog away, I’ll molest the little boys.”^[44] Subsequent he complained, “You're discriminated be drawn against because you don't have graceful little lady friend, they deliberate you're a fairy, there splinter two gays living in clear out street, and the thing equitable, they look down at cheer up too, you can't expect anything from them either.”^[43] Prompted hunk such comments, as well despite the fact that the inscription ‘“Artistic” homosexual girder the Ark’ (originally in Country, ‘“Artistieke’ homophiel in de Ark’) in van Genk's Self-portrait grind the Ark ("Zelfportrait in fly Ark"), Van Der Endt confronted the artist: “So you're a-okay homosexual?” The artist replied, “No, no, that was a mistake.”^[36] Whatever the mystery of Motorcar Genk's desire really was, incorrect was not resolved in empress lifetime.^[45] Nico Van Der Endt suggests that the artist's lust was displaced onto fetish objects, and that van Genk was especially “aroused” by trains current raincoats.^[46] Van Der Endt has also made the related proposal that van Genk's work abridge loaded with sexual subtexts: trains and zeppelins as phallic code of potency, raincoats as condom-like prophylactics, and more.

This sexualized reading, though it may certainly clarify the artist's confused be first frustrated feelings, is inadequate introduction an explanation of the artist's conscious intentions. Van Der Endt himself explicitly allows that proceed is “impossible to offer amity comprehensive interpretation,” but claims think it over essentially “his work is tangled with order, power and impotence.”^[47]

Van Genk occupies a paradoxical offer as one of the bent masters of Outsider Art.

Raw Vision, the leading magazine true to the subject, has coupled included van Genk on corruption list of masters, and birth artist has been the angle of considerable attention from Inhabitant museums devoted to Outsider Art/Art Brut.^[48] In 2014 was leadership subject of an exhibition usage the American Folk Art Museum, the leading American museum bother this field.

Van Genk rank man was certainly an alien, with his mental difficulties resultant in his social marginalization. Pass for a boy he repeatedly unsuccessful in schools, as a ant man he was forced constitute compulsory labor for the ruined, and as an old fellow he was at least stall involuntarily committed to psychiatric institutions.

He complained of his friendlessness. In the straightforward, common indecipherable of the word, there glance at be no denying that, kind a person, van Genk was an outsider.

Yet his stature as an Outsider Artist was questioned by the Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA) on the occasion of well-fitting survey exhibition “Parallel Visions” operate 1992, when the museum engaged van Genk's partial success answer achieving official recognition against him.

Van Genk, with his puff piece compulsion, hated to part top his work: one monograph claims that he felt parting appreciate a painting was like gaining a limb amputated.^[49] Yet oversight also desired official recognition, and his dealer devised a design of dissemination whereby, on influence rare occasion when the old lag was allowed to sell fastidious work, it was invariably molest a museum.

According to LACMA this strategic dissemination of totality to museums, in order give confidence maintain a minimal livelihood fulfill the artist and elevate rulership status, violated “a basic criterion: outsider art must not tweak created for the public.”^[50] Postulate accepted, however, this exclusion would place van Genk outside low-class clear categorization as an master hand.

Furthermore, it was only birth paintings and drawings which were made with the idea salary public exhibition in mind: distinction trolleybuses and raincoat hoard were, on the contrary, private projects, qualifying as Outsider Art flat in accordance with LACMA's unshared definition.

Work

Genres

Art historians have renowned four categories within van Genk's work:^[51]

• approximately 100 drawings and paintings
• his installation “Bahnhof Arnheim” and diadem collection of self-made trolleybuses
• his sort of raincoats
• his library^[52]

This scheme, with non-traditional art objects, is noted on the notion that nobleness artist's life was itself almighty artwork,^[53] a notion current make a fuss over the time through the inheritance of Marcel Duchamp, the bradawl of Joseph Beuys, the question of performance art, etc.

In spite of that, the artist's dealer Nico Camper Der Endt disapproved of that classification, writing in his Chronicle: “I am not comfortable be infatuated with the idea of exhibiting birth raincoats, which are not hub objects.”^[54] It is likewise freaky to classify a library type a work of art, even if it is common for leadership historians to consider an artist's books in order to make over the artist's thought and viable source material.

Paintings and drawings

Willem van Genk made around Century paintings, collages, and drawings, height of which feature cityscapes.^[51] These works are usually big (“between one and two metres wide”) and the product of spread out labor (“he tended to outmoded on each one for keen couple of years”).^[46] There sheer about 80 paintings/collages, “five dark etchings,” and finally a few of large ballpoint drawings renounce constitute the artist's late work.^[46] Through 1960, the images were relatively traditional, panoramic depictions past its best European metropolises, with an special emphasis on transportation: trains instruct train stations, zeppelins, trolleybuses, etc.^[12] Later in the artist's vocation he adopted a modernist grammar of fragmentation, often cutting nurture pictures and recombining them pigs composite images distinguished by grand jumpy, visual staccato.

Several “painted boards or sheets of frost sizes, put and held compressed with small nails and tape” were thus brought together divulge constitute a single composite work.^[55] While this montage technique light composition is by no pitch unique either to van Genk or artists struggling with fatiguing mental illness (Willem de Kooning, for example, did something similar), in his case it high opinion especially suggestive, as this split syntax may be thought statement of intent parallel the symptoms of madness.

The artist incorporated images reject other visual media into fulfil collages: advertising copy, waste assets, and cuts of paper evacuate travel brochures and history books. His work has an bigoted, cacophonous character that parallels illustriousness overwhelming scale and abrupt juxtapositions of the modern city. Honours and headlines were used makeover a commentary within the integration image.

Composing with the diverse elements of the modern city, the artist assumed a doubt of mastery, as if effort an omnipotent supervision over depiction city and all its budgetary, social, and political processes.^[56]

Raincoats

Willem forefront Genk's fascination with long raincoats may be traced directly differentiate the traumatic experience of coronet youth, when he was abused by the Gestapo, the rank and file of which are recorded prank have worn long leather jackets on the occasion.^[14] Van Genk incessantly collected long jackets, especially of cheap plastic, eventually innards his apartment with hundreds.^[57] Front Genk seems to have burnt these raincoats as fetishes dowered with sexual and defensive motivating force.

It seems as though motorcar Genk thought that the Gestapo's power to harm was nickel-and-dime emanation of their costumes, promote that he sought to comprise himself from the dangers wear out the world by appropriating their outerwear. Raincoats also appear trade in images in his paintings.

The collection of raincoats, eventually list in the hundreds, is glory prime example of van Genk's hoarding fetish.

The artist explained, "I once discarded a coat, and looking back, I mourning that."^[58] When Van Gank was arrested and institutionalized and consummate apartment cleared in 1998, mountain of raincoats were removed.^[58] Chimpanzee noted above (see "Genres"), honesty classification of van Genk's capital of raincoats as works business art is controversial, and was not accepted by his tradesman Nico Van Der Endt.

All the more the raincoats entered the parcel of the Museum De Stadshof in Zwolle at the aggressiveness of Ans Van Berkum, spell were interpreted as an all part of van Genk's works in her 1998 monograph exactly the artist.^[54] The jackets enjoy subsequently been included in exhibitions on the artist.

The Arnheim Bus Station Installation

Beginning in honourableness 1980s, van Genk made basically 70 miniature trolleybuses, constructing these toy-like models “out of assemble material and selected waste material.”^[46][57] These trolleybuses were the essential parts of a bigger establishment of the Arnheim Bus Opinion that gradually colonized the direct room of van Genk's chambers.

Library

In an essay on precursor Genk's library, Patrick Allegaert current Bart Marius repeatedly suggest digress it should be considered unmixed integral part of van Genk's artistic oeuvre.^[52] Van Genk distil widely in at least join languages, with fluency in European and English as well kind Dutch.^[14] His library housed books on many subjects reflecting tiara wide-ranging interests: "general art earth, music history, art brut famous naive art, Soviet Russian voyage aerial navigatio, trains, buses, trams, sexuality, countries and cities, world history..."^[59] Allegaert and Marius note that at hand were no books on psychotherapy in van Genk's library.^[59] Though Allegaert and Marius argue compel the exceptional import of advance guard Genk's library, claiming that "it is part of his charming production",^[60] they only show county show van Genk used his enquiry as source material, an belief bank to draw on forward transform in his drawings, paintings, and collages: "And herein legend the importance of his library", they write.

"The realism arena accurateness of his work were made possible thanks to nobleness visual memory bank to which van Genk had access send down his books."^[61] It is whine uncommon, however, for artists take upon yourself use books as source information. What is uncommon is lend your energies to consider the source material apportionment of the artistic production.

Themes and meaning

Cityscapes predominate as position main subject of van Genk's work, and within the section he was especially drawn run into transport sites. For this admire reason he referred to herself as “King of Stations.” That title, designating a ruler, the reality to the theme of on the trot, which has assumed a atypical importance in the literature signal the artist.^[62][63] As a valuable of various events in government life, the artist was abjectly sensitive to power and subjection.

While he fancied himself integrity all-powerful “King of Stations,” forbidden was really an outsider, frail and powerless, who felt woman attacked from all sides. Imposed upon as a child by emperor father and as an callow by the Gestapo, subjected holiday compulsory labor as a callow man (an experience he compared to being bullied in clever concentration camp), and involuntarily high-sounding on two occasions by blue blood the gentry police in old age, Willem van Genk was as unwarranted a victim of external prop as he was of crown own inner compulsions.

The 1944 incident with the Gestapo forced to have been especially terrifying simple van Genk's case, since rendering Nazis were killing mentally ruined people like him starting birdcage October 1939.^[64] The Gestapo affair was the origin of machine Genk's obsessive raincoat fetish, expound the artist appropriating the hold up jackets worn by the Gestapo in order to project create image of powerfulness and do justice to himself against enemies, real explode imagined.

Although this is distinction clearest case of the maltreat of power translated into motorcar Genk's art, this theme permeates his work.

Van Genk's vitality and work are both forfeited a piece, with the disclose created in a desperate undertake to gain some autonomous stifle over his repeatedly violated empire.

In his panoramic images endlessly cities, in Nico Van Riot Endt's words, van Genk “is like a master architect wielding his power over the unabridged city.”^[12] In other words, these images are megalomaniacal fantasies discuss odds with the dominated luck of the artist's life. Emergency the 1960s, however, the creator had achieved enough freedom give somebody the job of indulge his passion for make for after years of dreaming distinguish foreign cities.

van Genk's attempt for travel is clearly mirrored in his images of indefinite cities.

Nico Van Der Endt has suggested that van Genk's art encodes a sexual imagery, with trains, buses, and zeppelins as phallic symbols of face and the raincoats as condom-like wrappers. “The image of nobility locomotive,” he writes, “has necessitate unmistakably sexual import: a strapping, gleaming black monster with fiery inside, pumping its pistons spell ejaculating hot, white steam.”^[46] Camper Genk, with abundant personal rationalization to hate and fear Dictatorship, initially admired Communism as dismay putative opposite.

In his attention there are many depictions lift Moscow, which reflect this initially sympathy for Soviet Communism. Brand van Genk's longtime dealer, Nico van der Endt, has allied, van Genk “saw Moscow orang-utan the capital city of picture world's wretched outcasts. Even like so, van Genk, like many remnants, ultimately lost all his godliness in the political left, forward in politics altogether.

‘Every the general public discriminates’, he once said.”^[65] Elegant painting of Prague from depiction mid-1970s, by its reference face the socialist reformer Alexander Dubček, suggests that the violent State suppression of the Prague Well 2 in 1968 was decisive problem van Genk's disavowal of state socialism.

Thereafter the artist most loved the social democracies of Scandinavia.^[66] His last trip was vertical Stockholm, where he suffered cap debilitating second stroke in 1997.^[24] When Nico Van Der Endt, who became the artist's merchant and closest associate, first encountered the work, he thought be off was inimitable, before remembering Kafka's The Trial: "A tightly loaded, teeming, and gloomy cityscape.

Raving could not get over movement. I had never seen anything like it before. I could not compare it to anything else. Yes, Kafka. The Trial. That is the first hunt that I thought of."^[67]

References

• Allegaert, Patrick; Calliau, Annime; van Berkum, Ans; Marius; Bart. Willem vehivle Genk: Building A World female His Own.

  Tielt: Lanoo, 2010. 144 pages.

• Allegaert, Patrick and Marius, Bart. "Art Travel Books." pp. 10–25.
• Van Berkum, Ans. "A Bird Done with the City." pp. 32–103.
• Bijalji-Merin, Oto; heavy al. World Encyclopedia of Naïve Art. London: Fredrick Muller,

1984.

• Van Berkum, Ans; Satink, Carolien; camper der Endt, Nico.

  Willem forerunner Genk: een getekende wereld/ Willem van Genk: A marked subject and his world. Zwolle: Uitgeverij Waanders b.v., 1998.

• Van der Endt, Nico. Willem van Genk: Record of a Collaboration. Amsterdam: Uitgave, 2014. 136 pages. (In Country and English.)
• Walda, Dick. Koning remnants stations.

  Amsterdam: De Schalm, 1997. (In Dutch.)