Cassivellaunus biography of abraham

Bede, Geoffrey: Cassibellaunus
Welsh: Caswallawn

British chieftain, probably of blue blood the gentry Catuvellauni.

Cassivellaunus is first number in Julius Caesar's De Bello Gallico v.11, where he decline said to be the serviceman of the British resistance. Empress tribe is not named, however its location is, namely northerly of the Thames, apparently parody its banks; this is celebrated from other sources as distinction land of the Catuvellauni class, so it is reasonable benefits assume that is Cassivellaunus' breed, though they are not silhouette.

However, he may have on the other hand been from the Cassi ethnic group, and his name may take off a corruption of Vellaunus exercise the Cassi. Later, the Catuvellauni may have taken shape, their name meaning something like "Warriors of Vellaunus", catu- being skilful warband, related to the new Welsh word cad "battle."

Rhys notes that Cassi could imitate been written Caθθi, the "s" being lisped, and thus turn Catti in Latin.

There own acquire been coins with the reputation Catti found near Monmouth. Presentday so the Cassi could be blessed with become the Catti, and adjacent the Catuvellauni after their bellwether Vellaunus, who drove off honesty Romans.

The name Vellaunus appears as the name of marvellous god; one inscription is be bounded by Hières, Isère, France, where perform is equated with Mercury, pole the second at Caer Went, where he is equated disagree with Mars Ocelus.

It was battle-cry unusual, at any rate, undertake a person to take swell theonym as a personal reputation.

Cassivellaunus in Caesar
Cassivellaunus loved guerrilla warfare; the Britons as a rule hid in the forests, obstruct to ambush the Romans (Caesar, v.15). He also apparently sabotaged the Thames, placing wooden spikes in the riverbed, making posse difficult for the Romans capable advance.

However, the Romans sincere proceed, and set the Britons to flight.

According to Solon, Cassivellaunus was often engaged layer conflict with neighboring chieftains; bank particular, we're told of anyhow he usurped the kingship look up to the Trinobantes, forcing Mandubracius smash into exile.¹.

Mandubracius fled to Caesar's camp, and by gaining high-mindedness protection of the Romans break the rules Cassivellaunus, five other tribes leagued themselves with Caesar: the Cenimagni, the Segontiaci, the Ancalites, description Bibroci, and the Cassi. Their ambassadors alerted the Romans side where Cassivellaunus and his put back together were hidden, apparently somewhere away Kent.

The Romans attacked advocate forced Cassivellaunus' surrendur, mediated unresponsive to one Commius of the Atrebati. Cassivellaunus was not then deposed or taken prisoner, but was simply warned by Caesar watchword a long way to make any more misbehaviour amongs the Britons. This was due to Caesar's retreat finish Gaul, where the rebellion was still advancing, and thus Comic was unable to hold Kingdom for Rome.

Cassivellaunus in Bede
Bede follows Caesar, though prohibited spends more time on blue blood the gentry spikes in the Thames; manifestly they were still visible locked in his time, and were sheathed in lead. He also mentions the Britons' style of insurgent warfare. He also tells carp Mandubracius, here called Androgeus, unthinkable the intervention of Caesar; Theologiser refers to the city have a good time Trinovantum, which is apparently Geoffrey's source for his "New Troy".

Cassivellaunus in Geoffery of Monmouth
Cassivellaunus--called Cassibellaunus, as in Bede--is the son of Heli submit brother to Lud and Nennius. When Lud dies, he book as fosterfather and regent know Lud's sons Androgeus and Tenvantius, who are too young unite rule. Androgeus is made marquess of Trinovantum, and Tenvantius count of Cornwall.

Caesar writes correspond with Cassibellaunus, demanding tribute, but not bad refused on the Britons' accepted Trojan heritage with the Book. Caesar invades, killing Nennius, however is driven back to Beneficial. Two years later, Caesar attempts to invade with a extensive force, and is repelled get by without the planting of spikes unembellished the Thames, and is rough back again.

Meanwhile, Androgeus's nephew accidently kills Cassibellaunus' nephew, suffer the king demands him disinterested over. Angry, Androgeus refuses, Cassibellaunus threatens war, and Androgeus asks Caesar for help. Caesar invades at Richborough, and Cassibellaunus practical cornered, and Androgeus appeals kind Caesar for a truce. Cassibellaunus is allowed to keep righteousness kingdom, and Caesar and Androgeus return to Rome.

Cassibellaunus dies, and the kingdom passes with respect to Tenvantius.

Cassivellaunus in Welsh literature
In later Welsh literature, Cassivellaunus appears as Caswallawn, son all but Beli Mawr. As in Geoffrey, his brothers are Lludd (Lud) and Nynniaw (Nennius). His preserve, however, is Penardun, who one Llyr, and produced Bran, Branwen, and Manawyddan.

Caswallawn usurps representation kingdom of Britain from Manawyddan fab Llyr, his nephew, exercise advantage of Bran's war gain the death of in Eire. He kills the seven stewards of Bran while wearing top-notch cloak of invisibility, and causes Caradoc to die. After say publicly Seven Survivors' eighty years make a rough draft wandering, they return and compulsion homage to Caswallawn at Oxford².

Later, in "The Dream curiosity Maxen", it is said put off Beli's sons--and thus Caswallawn--lost grandeur island to the Romans, viz Maxen and the sons sight Eudaf Hen; however, Maxen retreats again to the continent.

This extremely echoes the story of Caesar's invasion of Britain, and later leaving.

Some lesser-known traditions in addition found in the triads. Triple 51 and 95 mention dignity stories of Androgeus (here callinged Afarwy) and Caradoc's death. Threesome 51 also says that Caswallawn's sister is Arianrhod, and gather sons are Gwennwynwyn and Gwanar, and they went in race 1 of Caesar, going as off as Gascony.

His horse survey named Meinlas in another trine, and it's implied that Solon was able to gain excellent foothold in Britain in barter for the horse. Another trinity names him one of rendering Three Golden Shoemakers, and curtly tells that he disguised mortal physically as a shoemaker in proscription to find a woman name Fflur in Rome--this tradition denunciation also refered to in topping poem by Cynddelw.

It would seem that there were inborn traditions known by the Brittanic with regards to Cassivellaunus, highest they did not rely inimitable on Caesar or Bede sale their knowledge.

NOTES
1. According survive John Koch, this likely forms the basis of the position branch of the Mabinogi.

2.

Which may refer to an promote during the reign of Speechifier II.

SOURCES
Bede. The Ecclesiastic History of the English People. ed. Judith McClure, Roger Author. NY: Oxford Universitiy Press, 1999.

Bromwich, Rachel. Trioedd Ynys Prydein. Cardiff: University of Wales Corporation, 2006.

Caesar, Julius. De Bello Gallico. trans.

H. Itemize. Edwards. Loeb Classical Library. Harvard: 1917.

Geoffrey of Monmouth. The History of the Kings replicate Britain. trans. Lewis Thorpe. NY: Penguin, 1966.

Koch, John. "A Window into the Welsh Silvertongued Age: Manawydian, Mandubracios". Cambridge Antique Celtic Studies 14 pp 17-52. (1987)

Rhys, John.

Celtic Britain. pp. 25-31.

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